Acwing 周赛132 解题报告 | 珂学家 | 并查集 + floyd寻路


前言

在这里插入图片描述


整体评价


A. 大小写转换

Q: 把字符串s统一成小写字母形态

题型:签到

知识点: 考察字符串的API题

c++可以借助transform函数,进行转化

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    // 把自己转化为小写/大写态
    // tolower/toupper
    transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::tolower);
    cout << s << endl;
    return 0;
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AReader sc = new AReader();
        String s = sc.next();
        System.out.println(s.toLowerCase());
    }

    static
    class AReader {
        private BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        private StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
        private String innerNextLine() {
            try {
                return reader.readLine();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        public boolean hasNext() {
            while (!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String nextLine = innerNextLine();
                if (nextLine == null) {
                    return false;
                }
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(nextLine);
            }
            return true;
        }
        public String nextLine() {
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
            return innerNextLine();
        }
        public String next() {
            hasNext();
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

//        public BigInteger nextBigInt() {
//            return new BigInteger(next());
//        }
        // 若需要nextDouble等方法,请自行调用Double.parseDouble包装
    }

}

B. 不合群数

Q: 不能被 [2, a]范围内的数整除的数,被称为不合群数, 求[2, b]内最大的不合群数

思路: 枚举

核心就是,一个前置的知识点:

10 亿内的最大质数是 999999937 ,且相邻质数之间的差值均不超过 300 10 亿内的最大质数是 999999937,且相邻质数之间的差值均不超过 300 10亿内的最大质数是999999937,且相邻质数之间的差值均不超过300

因为大于a的质数,一定是不合群数,而每300数,必然有一个质数存在。因此找到这个质数即可。

从b开始,从大到小进行枚举,判定即可。

当然不见得质数才满足需求

比如

input
5 50

output
49
# 因为49=7*7, 其不被[2, 5]区间的数整除

但是质数,给了枚举范围的上限值,所以这是一道很有趣的题。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

using int64 = int64_t;

// 判定质数, O(sqrt(n))
bool judge(int64 v, int64 a) {
    if (v <= a) return false;
    for (int64 i = 2; i <= v / i && i <= a; i++) {
        if (v % i == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
    int64 a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    
    int64 res = -1;
    for (int64 i = b; i >= max(b - 300, a + 1); i--) {
        if (judge(i, a)) {
            res = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    cout << res << endl;
    return 0;
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class Main {

    static boolean isPrime(long v) {
        if (v <= 1) return false;
        for (int i = 2; i <= v / i; i++) {
            if (v % i == 0) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AReader sc = new AReader();

        long a = sc.nextLong(), b = sc.nextLong();

        long res = -1;
        for (long i = b; i > a && i >= b - 300; i--) {
            // a^2
            if (isPrime(i)) {
                res = i;
                break;
            }
            if (i >= a * a) {
                boolean ok = true;
                for (int j = 2; j <= a; j++) {
                    if (i % j == 0) {
                        ok = false;
                    }
                }
                if (ok) {
                    res = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println(res);

    }

    static
    class AReader {
        private BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        private StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
        private String innerNextLine() {
            try {
                return reader.readLine();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        public boolean hasNext() {
            while (!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String nextLine = innerNextLine();
                if (nextLine == null) {
                    return false;
                }
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(nextLine);
            }
            return true;
        }
        public String nextLine() {
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
            return innerNextLine();
        }
        public String next() {
            hasNext();
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

//        public BigInteger nextBigInt() {
//            return new BigInteger(next());
//        }
        // 若需要nextDouble等方法,请自行调用Double.parseDouble包装
    }

}

C. 最短距离

Q: 在一个无向图中,同类点需保证任意两点间最短距离为0,然后求非同类点的距离矩阵

思路: 图论+缩点思路

这边不是tanjar求缩点,

借助并查集来合并 借助并查集来合并 借助并查集来合并

把边长为0的两点进行合并,这样就能快速判定是否满足第一个条件(注意借桥搭路)

然后根据缩点后,进行路径的压缩k*k

跑一遍floyd就可以出来了

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

class Dsu {
public:
    Dsu(int n) : n(n), arr(n + 1) {
    }
    
    int find(int u) {
        if (arr[u] == 0) return u;
        return arr[u] = find(arr[u]);
    }
    
    void merge(int u, int v) {
        int ai = find(u), bi = find(v);
        if (ai != bi) {
            arr[ai] = bi;
        }
    }
    
    bool isSame(int u, int v) {
        return find(u) == find(v);
    }
    
private:
    int n;
    vector<int> arr;
};

int main() {
    
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    
    int n, m, k;
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    
    vector<int> cats(k);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        cin >> cats[i];
    }
    
    Dsu dsu(n);
    vector<array<int, 3>> edges;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int u, v, w;
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        edges.push_back({u, v, w});
        
        if (w == 0) {
            dsu.merge(u, v);
        }
    }
    
    bool ok = true;
    int start = 1;
    vector<int> mp(n + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++) {
        for (int j = start + 1; j < start + cats[i]; j++) {
            if (!dsu.isSame(start, j)) {
                ok = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        for (int j = start; j < start + cats[i]; j++) mp[j] = i;
        start = start + cats[i];
    }
    
    if (!ok) {
        cout << "No" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Yes" << endl;
        int inf = -1;
        vector<vector<int>> path(k, vector<int>(k, -1));
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) path[i][i] = 0;
        
        for (auto e: edges) {
            int u = mp[e[0]],  v = mp[e[1]];
            if (path[u][v] == -1 || path[u][v] > e[2]) {
                path[u][v] = path[v][u] = e[2];
            }
        }
        
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                if (path[j][i] == -1) continue;
                for (int t = 0; t < k; t++) {
                    if (path[i][t] == -1) continue;
                    if (path[j][t] == -1 || path[j][t] > path[j][i] + path[i][t]) {
                        path[j][t] = path[j][i] + path[i][t];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                cout << path[i][j] << " \n"[j == k - 1];
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class Main {

    static class Dsu {
        int n;
        int[] arr;
        int[] gz;
        public Dsu(int n) {
            this.n = n;
            this.arr = new int[n + 1];
            this.gz = new int[n + 1];
            Arrays.fill(gz, 1);
        }

        int find(int u) {
            if (arr[u] == 0) return u;
            return arr[u] = find(arr[u]);
        }

        void union(int u,int v) {
            int ai = find(u), bi = find(v);
            if (ai != bi) {
                arr[ai] = bi;
                gz[bi] += gz[ai];
            }
        }

        int gSize(int u) {
            return gz[find(u)];
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AReader sc = new AReader();
        int n = sc.nextInt(), m = sc.nextInt();
        int k = sc.nextInt();
        int[] arr = new int[k];

        int acc = 1;
        TreeMap<Integer, Integer> hash = new TreeMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
            hash.put(acc, i);
            acc += arr[i];
        }

        long inf = Long.MAX_VALUE / 10;
        long[][] dp = new long[k][k];
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            Arrays.fill(dp[i], inf);
            dp[i][i] = 0;
        }

        Dsu dsu = new Dsu(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            int u = sc.nextInt(), v = sc.nextInt();
            int x = sc.nextInt();
            Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> e1 = hash.floorEntry(u);
            Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> e2 = hash.floorEntry(v);

            int p1 = e1.getValue(), p2 = e2.getValue();
            if (p1 == p2) {
            } else {
                dp[p1][p2] = Math.min(dp[p1][p2], x);
                dp[p2][p1] = Math.min(dp[p2][p1], x);
            }

            if (x == 0) {
                dsu.union(u, v);
            }
        }

        boolean check = true;
        acc = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
            for (int j = acc; j < acc + arr[i]; j++) {
                if (dsu.find(acc) != dsu.find(j)) check = false;
            }
            acc += arr[i];
        }

        if (!check) {
            System.out.println("No");
        } else {

            System.out.println("Yes");
            for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                    for (int t = 0; t < k; t++) {
                        if (dp[j][t] > dp[j][i] + dp[i][t]) {
                            dp[j][t] = dp[j][i] + dp[i][t];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                    if (dp[i][j] == inf) dp[i][j] = -1;
                }
                System.out.println(Arrays.stream(dp[i]).mapToObj(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(" ")));
            }
        }

    }

    static
    class AReader {
        private BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        private StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
        private String innerNextLine() {
            try {
                return reader.readLine();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        public boolean hasNext() {
            while (!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String nextLine = innerNextLine();
                if (nextLine == null) {
                    return false;
                }
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(nextLine);
            }
            return true;
        }
        public String nextLine() {
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
            return innerNextLine();
        }
        public String next() {
            hasNext();
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

//        public BigInteger nextBigInt() {
//            return new BigInteger(next());
//        }
        // 若需要nextDouble等方法,请自行调用Double.parseDouble包装
    }

}

写在最后

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