java -jar做了什么
- 先要弄清楚java -jar命令做了什么,在oracle官网找到了该命令的描述:
If the -jar option is specified, its argument is the name of the JAR file containing class and resource files for the application. The startup class must be indicated by the Main-Class manifest header in its source code.
- 再次秀出我蹩脚的英文翻译:
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使用-jar参数时,后面的参数是的jar文件名(本例中是springbootstarterdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar);
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该jar文件中包含的是class和资源文件;
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在manifest文件中有Main-Class的定义;
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Main-Class的源码中指定了整个应用的启动类;(in its source code)
小结一下:
java -jar会去找jar中的manifest文件,在那里面找到真正的启动类;
探查springbootstarterdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
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springbootstarterdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar是前面的springboot工程的构建结果,是个压缩包,用常见的压缩工具就能解压,我这里的环境是MacBook Pro,用unzip即可解压;
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解压后有很多内容,我们先关注manifest相关的,下图红框中就是manifest文件:
- 打开上图红框中的文件,内容如下:
Spring-Boot-Classpath-Index: BOOT-INF/classpath.idx
Implementation-Title: springbootstarterdemo
Implementation-Version: 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
Start-Class: com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.Springbootstarter
demoApplication
Spring-Boot-Classes: BOOT-INF/classes/
Spring-Boot-Lib: BOOT-INF/lib/
Build-Jdk-Spec: 1.8
Spring-Boot-Version: 2.3.1.RELEASE
Created-By: Maven Jar Plugin 3.2.0
Implementation-Vendor: Pivotal Software, Inc.
Main-Class: org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher
- 在上述内容可见Main-Class的值org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher,这个和前面的java官方文档对应上了,正是这个JarLauncher类的代码中指定了真正的启动类;
疑惑出现
- 在MANIFEST.MF文件中有这么一行内容:
Start-Class: com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.Springbootstarter
demoApplication
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前面的java官方文档中,只提到过Main-Class ,并没有提到Start-Class;
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Start-Class的值是SpringbootstarterdemoApplication,这是我们的java代码中的唯一类,也只真正的应用启动类;
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所以问题就来了:理论上看,执行java -jar命令时JarLauncher类会被执行,但实际上是SpringbootstarterdemoApplication被执行了,这其中发生了什么呢?
猜测
动手之前先猜一下,个人觉得原因应该如下:
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java -jar命令会启动JarLauncher;
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Start-Class是给JarLauncher用的;
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JarLauncher根据Start-Class找到了SpringbootstarterdemoApplication,然后执行它;
分析JarLauncher
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先下载SpringBoot源码,我下载的是2.3.1版本,地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/tag/v2.3.1.RELEASE
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JarLauncher所在的工程是spring-boot-loader,先弄明白JarLauncher的继承关系,如下图,可见JarLauncher继承自ExecutableArchiveLauncher,而ExecutableArchiveLauncher的父类Launcher位于最顶层,是个抽象类:
- java -jar执行的是JarLauncher的main方法,如下,会实例化一个JarLauncher对象,然后执行其launch方法,并且将所有入参都带入:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new JarLauncher().launch(args);
}
- 上面的launch方法在父类Launcher中:
protected void launch(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 将jar解压后运行的方式叫做exploded mode
// 如果是exploded mode,就不能支持通过URL加载jar
// 如果不是exploded mode,就可以通过URL加载jar
if (!isExploded()) {
// 如果允许通过URL加载jar,就在此注册对应的处理类
JarFile.registerUrlProtocolHandler();
}
// 创建classLoader
ClassLoader classLoader = createClassLoader(getClassPathArchivesIterator());
// jarmode是创建docker镜像时用到的参数,使用该参数是为了生成带有多个layer信息的镜像
// 这里暂时不关注jarmode
String jarMode = System.getProperty(“jarmode”);
//如果没有jarmode参数,launchClass的值就来自getMainClass()返回
String launchClass = (jarMode != null && !jarMode.isEmpty()) ? JAR_MODE_LAUNCHER : getMainClass();
launch(args, launchClass, classLoader);
}
- 可见要重点关注的是getMainClass()方法,在看这个方法之前,我们先去关注一个重要的成员变量archive,是JarLauncher的父类ExecutableArchiveLauncher的archive,如下可见,该变量又来自方法createArchive:
public ExecutableArchiveLauncher() {
try {
this.archive = createArchive();
this.classPathIndex = getClassPathIndex(this.archive);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
- 方法来自Launcher.createArchive,如下所示,可见成员变量archive实际上是个JarFileArchive对象:
protected final Archive createArchive() throws Exception {
ProtectionDomain protectionDomain = getClass().getProtectionDomain();
CodeSource codeSource = protectionDomain.getCodeSource();
URI location = (codeSource != null) ? codeSource.getLocation().toURI() : null;
String path = (location != null) ? location.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
if (path == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(“Unable to determine code source archive”);
}
File root = new File(path);
if (!root.exists()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to determine code source archive from " + root);
}
return (root.isDirectory() ? new ExplodedArchive(root) : new JarFileArchive(root));
}
- 现在回到getMainClass()方法,可见this.archive.getManifest方法返回的是META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件的内容,然后getValue(START_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)方法实际上就是从META-INF/MANIFEST.MF中取得了Start-Class的属性:
@Override
protected String getMainClass() throws Exception {
// 对应的是JarFileArchive.getManifest方法,
// 进去后发现对应的就是JarFile.getManifest方法,
// JarFile.getManifest对应的就是META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件的内容
Manifest manifest = this.archive.getManifest();
String mainClass = null;
if (manifest != null) {
// 对应的是META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件中的Start-Class的属性
mainClass = manifest.getMainAttributes().getValue(START_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
}
if (mainClass == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No ‘Start-Class’ manifest entry specified in " + this);
}
return mainClass;
}
- 从上述分析可知:getMainClass()方法返回的是META-INF/MANIFEST.MF中取得了Start-Class的属性com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.SpringbootstarterdemoApplication,再次回到launch方法中,可见最终运行的代码是launch(args, launchClass, classLoader),它的launchClass参数就是com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.SpringbootstarterdemoApplication:
protected void launch(String[] args) throws Exception {
if (!isExploded()) {
JarFile.registerUrlProtocolHandler();
}
ClassLoader classLoader = createClassLoader(getClassPathArchivesIterator());
String jarMode = System.getProperty(“jarmode”);
// 这里的launchClass等于"com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.SpringbootstarterdemoApplication"
String launchClass = (jarMode != null && !jarMode.isEmpty()) ? JAR_MODE_LAUNCHER : getMainClass();
// 这里就是启动SpringbootstarterdemoApplication的地方
launch(args, launchClass, classLoader);
}
- 展开launch(args, launchClass, classLoader),最终查到了MainMethodRunner类:
public class MainMethodRunner {
private final String mainClassName;
private final String[] args;
/**
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Create a new {@link MainMethodRunner} instance.
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@param mainClass the main class
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@param args incoming arguments
*/
public MainMethodRunner(String mainClass, String[] args) {
// mainClassName被赋值为"com.bolingcavalry.springbootstarterdemo.SpringbootstarterdemoApplication"
this.mainClassName = mainClass;
this.args = (args != null) ? args.clone() : null;
}