DRF——permission权限模块

权限

认证，根据用户携带的 token/其他 获取当前用户信息。

权限，读取认证中获取的用户信息，判断当前用户是否有权限访问，例如：普通用户、管理员、超级用户，不同用户具有不同的权限。

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    
    role_choices = ((1, "普通用户"), (2, "管理员"), (3, "超级管理员"),)
    role = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="角色", choices=role_choices, default=1)
    
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    token = models.CharField(verbose_name="TOKEN", max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)

import uuid
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed

from app01 import models


class AuthView(APIView):
    """ 用户登录认证 """
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.data)  # {"username": "wupeiqi", "password": "123"}
        username = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')

        user_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        if not user_object:
            return Response({"code": 1000, "data": "用户名或密码错误"})

        token = str(uuid.uuid4())

        user_object.token = token
        user_object.save()

        return Response({"code": 0, "data": {"token": token, "name": username}})


class TokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get("token")
        if not token:
            raise AuthenticationFailed({"code": 1002, "data": "认证失败"})
        user_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not user_object:
            raise AuthenticationFailed({"code": 1002, "data": "认证失败"})
        return user_object, token

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        return 'Bearer realm="API"'


class PermissionA(BasePermission):
    message = {"code": 1003, 'data': "无权访问"}

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if request.user.role == 2:
            return True
        return False
	
    # 暂时先这么写
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        return True


class OrderView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication, ]

    permission_classes = [PermissionA,]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.user)
        return Response({"code": 0, "data": {"user": None, 'list': [1, 2, 3]}})


class PayView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication, ]
    permission_classes = [PermissionA, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.user)
        return Response({"code": 0, "data": "数据..."})

关于多个权限类

当开发过程中需要用户同时具备多个权限（缺一不可）时，可以用多个权限类来实现。

权限组件内部处理机制：按照列表的顺序逐一执行 has_permission 方法，如果返回True，则继续执行后续的权限类；如果返回None或False，则抛出权限异常并停止后续权限类的执行。

# models.py

from django.db import models


class Role(models.Model):
    """ 角色表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 用户表 """
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    token = models.CharField(verbose_name="TOKEN", max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)

    roles = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name="角色", to="Role")

# urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/auth/', views.AuthView.as_view()),
    path('api/order/', views.OrderView.as_view()),
]

# views.py

import uuid
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed

from app01 import models


class AuthView(APIView):
    """ 用户登录认证 """

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.data)  # {"username": "wupeiqi", "password": "123"}
        username = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')

        user_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        if not user_object:
            return Response({"code": 1000, "data": "用户名或密码错误"})

        token = str(uuid.uuid4())

        user_object.token = token
        user_object.save()

        return Response({"code": 0, "data": {"token": token, "name": username}})


class TokenAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get("token")
        if not token:
            raise AuthenticationFailed({"code": 1002, "data": "认证失败"})
        user_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not user_object:
            raise AuthenticationFailed({"code": 1002, "data": "认证失败"})
        return user_object, token

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        return 'Bearer realm="API"'


class PermissionA(BasePermission):
    message = {"code": 1003, 'data': "无权访问"}

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        exists = request.user.roles.filter(title="员工").exists()
        if exists:
            return True
        return False

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        return True


class PermissionB(BasePermission):
    message = {"code": 1003, 'data': "无权访问"}

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        exists = request.user.roles.filter(title="主管").exists()
        if exists:
            return True
        return False

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        return True

class OrderView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication, ]
    permission_classes = [PermissionA, PermissionA]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({"code": 0, "data": {"user": None, 'list': [1, 2, 3]}})


class PayView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication, ]
    permission_classes = [PermissionA, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response({"code": 0, "data": "数据..."})

全局配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["xxxx.xxxx.xx.类名","xxxx.xxxx.xx.类名",]
}

底层源码实现

小结

• 权限
  • 过程：执行所有的权限类的has_permission方法，只有所有都返回True时，才表示具有权限
  • 结果：有权限则可以执行后续的视图，无权限则直接返回 自定义的错误信息

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