一.传统SQL和JPA的区别
传统JDBC实现数据库的操作
缺点:操作繁琐,赋值麻烦
因此,我们引入了orm思想,通过操作实体类去完成数据库操作.
orm思想:1.建立表和实体类的映射关系
2.建立表的字段和实体类属性的关系
二.Hibernate框架
概念:一个开源的ORM映射框架,对JDBC做轻量化的封装,建立了实体类和表的映射关系
JPA规范
sun公司面对如此多的orm映射框架,制定了一套JPA映射规范,主要由接口和抽象类组成,由其他框架完成实现
JPA不干活,干活的是Hibernate这些实现框架
三.入门案例:
1.创工程,导入依赖
2.配置jpa配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
<!--
JPA根据下面的配置信息创建EntityManagerFactory,一个项目中可以配置多个持久单元
name:为当前持久单元命名,可以通过该名称指定加载对应的配置信息
-->
<persistence-unit name="myPersistence" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<!--jpa的实现方式-->
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<!--指定扫描贴Entity实体类所在的jar包-->
<properties>
<!--数据库的方言,告诉JPA当前应用使用的数据库-->
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
<!--jpa的相关的配置信息-->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123456"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"/>
<!--是否在控制台打印执行的sql语句-->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
<!--自动创建数据库表 create,update,non -->
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
一个知识点:在配置数据库地址的时候 "jdbc:mysql:///jpa"三个/代表本地3306端口
3.实体类的创建-----建立表映射关系,,建立属性和字段的映射关系
1)配置实体类和表的映射关系,需要用到@Entity ,@Table("name=''tableName")
2)属性与字段的映射
主要分为两类:
1.主键的配置 @Id 声明主键, @GenerateValue()声明主键增长方式 @Column声明表中字段信息
2.其他属性:直接用@column即可
JPA的执行流程
JPA基本CRUD语句:sql执行都是通过enetiyManger实现的
package com.bozai;
import com.bozai.utils.JpaUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
public class Test1 {
@Test
public void testJpa(){
//1.加载配置文件,创建工厂对象
// EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myPersistence");
EntityManager entityManager = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
//2.通过工厂获取实体类管理器
// EntityManager entityManager = factory.createEntityManager();
//3.获取事务对象,开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();//开启事务
//完成增删改查操作
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setCustAddress("利川市龙潭村");
customer.setCustIndustry("吉利工厂");
//保存
entityManager.persist(customer);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
//释放资源
entityManager.close();;
//factory.close();
}
@Test
public void findJpa(){
EntityManager entityManager = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
Customer customer = entityManager.find(Customer.class, 1L);
System.out.println(customer);
entityManager.close();
}
@Test
public void findJpa1(){
EntityManager entityManager = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
Customer customer = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 1L);
System.out.println(customer);
entityManager.close();
}
@Test
public void removeJpa(){
EntityManager entityManager = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
Customer customer = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 1L);
entityManager.remove(customer);
System.out.println(customer);
transaction.commit();
entityManager.close();
}
@Test
public void updateJpa(){
EntityManager entityManager = JpaUtils.getEntityManager();
EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
Customer customer = entityManager.getReference(Customer.class, 2L);
customer.setCustIndustry("法拉利工厂");
entityManager.merge(customer);
System.out.println(customer);
transaction.commit();
entityManager.close();
}
}
JPQL语句:高级语句(直接在接口上定义方法,写出一个sql的接口,然后@query()利用占位符写出查询语句)
JPQL需要先构建一个String查询语句,然后创建查询对象.通过对象去执行查询
SpringDataJPA
关系
SpringData快速入门
1搭建环境
1)导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bozai</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringData</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.18</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>5.3.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.20</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>5.3.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.7.Final</version>
</dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate.validator/hibernate-validator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.2.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.36</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.el/javax.el-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.glassfish/javax.el -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2)配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
">
<!--需要使用 LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ,因为只有这个对象才能支持persistanceContext注解-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<!--配置数据源-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--扫描domain层包,将里面的对象纳入到entityManger的管理当中-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.bozai.domain"/>
<!-- jpa实现的厂家-->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<!--找到hibernate的适配器-->
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置数据库-->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"></property>
<!--配置方言-->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
<!--配置数据库建表策略-->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
<!--配置sql语句显示-->
<property name="showSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
</property>
<!-- jpa方言-->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!--创建数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven/>
<!--将dao层改为repository(springdataJpa建议)-->
<!--将repository扫描到jpa当中去,添加事务管理管理器,并且添加entityManagerFactory对象-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.bozai.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" />
<!--开启事务管理器-->
<!--id一定不要随意改动,因为默认回去找 id为transactionManager-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--如果一定要改,就在支持全注解的标签当中更改-->
<!--支持全注解-->
<!-- 声明式事务-->
<!--扫描domain层-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bozai"/>
</beans>
3)创建实体类,配置映射关系
2.写好dao层接口
package com.bozai.dao;
import com.bozai.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
//JpaRepository封装了基本crud操作
//JpaSpecificationExecutor封装了复杂查询
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
SpringData的执行原理
springAop动态代理对象
SpringData只需要定义接口即可,简单的CRUD已经被封装,可以直接拿来调用,而复杂的语句需要我们在接口处直接定义,有三种定义方式:
1.SpringData通过操作实体类定义,2.通过定义Sql语句定义3.通过接口名定义
package com.bozai.dao;
import com.bozai.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
//JpaRepository封装了基本crud操作
//JpaSpecificationExecutor封装了复杂查询
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
/*JPQL语句
* */
@Query(value = "from Customer where custName=?")
public Customer Jpql(String custName);
@Query(value = "from Customer where custName=? and custId=?")
public Customer findByNameId(String name,Long Id);
@Modifying
@Query(value = "update Customer set custName=?2 where custId=?1")
@Transactional
public void updateByIdName(Long Id,String name);
@Query(value = "select * from customer ",nativeQuery = true)
public List<Object []> selectAll();
@Query(value = "select * from customer where cust_address like ?",nativeQuery = true)
public List<Object []> selectMoHu(String condition);
/*根据接口的命名方法来实现一个查询语句
* */
public Customer findByCustId(Long Id);
public List<Customer> findByCustNameLike(String name);
public Customer findByCustNameLikeAndCustIndustry(String CustName,String CustIndustry);
}
package com.bozai;
import com.bozai.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.bozai.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //声明spring的测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器的配置信息
public class JPQLCustomer {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Test
public void testJpql(){
Customer customer = customerDao.Jpql("abc");
System.out.println(customer);
}
@Test
public void testNameId(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findByNameId("bozai",2L);
System.out.println(customer);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
customerDao.updateByIdName(2L,"lala");
}
@Test
public void testSelectAll(){
List<Object[]> objects = customerDao.selectAll();
for (Object[] o:objects
) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(o));
}
}
@Test
public void testMoHu(){
List<Object[]> objects = customerDao.selectMoHu("利川市%");
for (Object[] o:objects
) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(o));
}
}
@Test
public void testMingming(){
Customer byCustId = customerDao.findByCustId(1L);
System.out.println(byCustId);
}
@Test
public void testFindByName(){
List<Customer> byCustNameLike = customerDao.findByCustNameLike("行%");
for (Customer o:byCustNameLike
) {
System.out.println(o);
}
}
@Test
public void testFindByDouble(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findByCustNameLikeAndCustIndustry("利%", "bcd");
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
三.表和表的关系
首先在配置文件中加上一个部分
1.一对一
2.一对多
在主从两个类上都要加上@OneTomany @manyToOne 然后cascade是级联,这样就能在删除一个主表数据的同时删除对应的从表数据
注意在一的一方需要放弃维护权,级联操作(cascade)
在多的一方需要声明维护的字段,以及对应的字段名
3.多对多
在其中一方加入注解和配置信息
另外一方放弃维护权
加载方式:可以设置为延迟加载,这样能提高效率.
通过一个Customer对象去找到对应的多个LinkMan对象,只要建立好一对多的映射关系即可这样查询.