1.使用plot()绘制折线图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
plt.plot(arr[0], arr[1:])

使用bar()绘制柱形图或堆积柱形图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(5)
y1 = np.array([9, 6, 4, 10, 11])
# 柱形的宽度
bar_width = 0.5
# 绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x, y1, tick_label=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], width=bar_width)
plt.show()

x = np.arange(5)
y1 = np.array([9, 6, 4, 10, 11])
y2 = np.array([8, 5, 2, 9, 7])
# 柱形的宽度
bar_width = 0.2
# 根据多组数据绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x, y1, tick_label=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], width=bar_width)
plt.bar(x + bar_width, y2, width=bar_width)
plt.show()