2022-2023-1 20222805《Linux内核原理与分析》第三周作业

目录

一、mykernel 实验（操作系统是如何工作的）

1.使用实验楼的虚拟机打开 shell

​编辑

2.完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

二、总结

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一、mykernel 实验（操作系统是如何工作的）

1.使用实验楼的虚拟机打开 shell

①输入如下代码：

# 注意路径是区分大小的
$ cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4

$ rm -rf mykernel

$ patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch

$ make allnoconfig

# 编译内核请耐心等待
$ make

$ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage

②开始make指令

 ③出现可运行OS kernel

2.完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

计算机工作的三个法宝是存储程序计算机、函数调用堆栈、中断机制。mykernel 启动后，会调用 my_start_kernel 函数，完成进程的初始化，时钟中断周期性地调用 my_timer_handler函数，完成进程的调度。

参考github上mykernel的代码扩展 my_start_kernel 和 my_timer_handler 函数，即修改 mymain.c 和 myinterrupt.c，新增 mypcb.h，模拟时间片轮转的多道程序，现在将内核核心代码加以分析:

mypcb.h：进程控制块PCB结构体定义。
mymain.c：初始化各个进程并启动0号进程。
myinterrupt.c：时钟中断处理和进程调度算法。

mypcb.h

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long		ip;
    unsigned long		sp;
};

typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;
    volatile long state;	/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long	task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

mymain.

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
	    task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
	asm volatile(
    	"movq %1,%%rsp\n\t" 	/* set task[pid].thread.sp to rsp */
    	"pushq %1\n\t" 	        /* push rbp */
    	"pushq %0\n\t" 	        /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
    	"ret\n\t" 	            /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to rip */
    	: 
    	: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)	/* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
	);
} 

int i = 0;

void my_process(void)
{    
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
        	    my_schedule();
        	}
        	printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

myinterrupt.c:

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
    return;  	
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
    	return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {        
    	my_current_task = next; 
    	printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);  
    	/* switch to next process */
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushq %%rbp\n\t" 	    /* save rbp of prev */
        	"movq %%rsp,%0\n\t" 	/* save rsp of prev */
        	"movq %2,%%rsp\n\t"     /* restore  rsp of next */
        	"movq $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save rip of prev */	
        	"pushq %3\n\t" 
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* restore  rip of next */
        	"1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
        	"popq %%rbp\n\t"
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	); 
    }  
    return;	
}

二、总结

1、之前没接触过过mykernel，通过查阅资料后了解到mykernel是提供初始化好的CPU从my_start_kernel开始执行，并提供了时钟中断机制周期性性执行my_time_handler中断处理程序，执行完后中断返回总是可以回到my_start_kernel中断的位置继续执行。mykernel就是一个逻辑上的硬件平台。

2、运行mykernel后要进行mymain.c和myinterrupt.c代码的修改，mypcb.h代码的编写，这对我来说比较困难，但是通过查阅资料，了解别人的经验等，成功地完成了实验要求。

3、对mykernel的时间片轮转调度理解起来较为困难，为了充分理解其机理，花费了较多时间查阅相关知识并进行梳理。