在现代的Java开发中,JPA(Java Persistence API)已经成为ORM(对象关系映射)的首选工具之一。它不仅简化了数据库操作,还提供了强大的功能来与数据库进行交互。今天,我们将探讨如何通过@NamedStoredProcedureQuery注解在JPA中声明和使用数据库存储过程,以实现高效的数据库操作。
一、@NamedStoredProcedureQuery注解的使用
@NamedStoredProcedureQuery注解允许我们在JPA实体类中声明可复用的存储过程。通过这种方式,我们可以将复杂的数据库操作封装在存储过程中,并通过JPA轻松调用。以下是@NamedStoredProcedureQuery注解的关键属性:
name:用于引用存储过程的名称。
procedureName:数据库中存储过程的名称。
parameters:存储过程的参数信息。
resultClasses:存储过程返回的结果集对应的类。
resultSetMappings:存储过程返回的结果集映射。
hints:查询属性和提示。
同时,StoredProcedureParameter注解用于定义存储过程的参数,其关键属性包括:
name:参数名称。
mode:参数模式(IN、OUT、INOUT或REF_CURSOR)。
type:参数类型。
二、示例:使用Oracle存储过程
为了更好地理解@NamedStoredProcedureQuery的使用,我们以Oracle数据库为例,展示如何通过JPA调用存储过程。以下是完整的实现过程。
- 数据库准备
首先,在Oracle数据库中创建表和存储过程。以下是SQL脚本:
sql复制
DROP TABLE PERSON;
DROP SEQUENCE SQ_PERSON;
CREATE TABLE PERSON(
ID NUMBER(19),
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR(255),
LAST_NAME VARCHAR(255),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(255),
PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE SQ_PERSON MINVALUE 1 START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 CACHE 10;
DROP TABLE PERSON_HISTORY;
CREATE TABLE PERSON_HISTORY AS SELECT * FROM PERSON WHERE 1=0;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MOVE_TO_HISTORY(person_id_in IN NUMBER, msg_out OUT VARCHAR2)
IS
temp_count NUMBER := -1;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO temp_count FROM PERSON WHERE ID = person_id_in;
IF temp_count > -1 THEN
INSERT INTO PERSON_HISTORY (SELECT * FROM PERSON WHERE ID = person_id_in);
msg_out := 'Person with id: ’ || person_id_in || ’ moved to History table. Update count: ’ || SQL%ROWCOUNT;
DELETE FROM PERSON WHERE ID = person_id_in;
ELSE
msg_out := 'No Person Exists with id: ’ || person_id_in;
END IF;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FETCH_PERSON_HISTORY(history_cursor OUT SYS_REFCURSOR)
IS
BEGIN
OPEN history_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM PERSON_HISTORY;
END;
/
2. JPA实体类
接下来,定义一个JPA实体类Person,并在其中声明存储过程:
java复制
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.List;
@Entity
@NamedStoredProcedureQuery(
name = Person.NamedQuery_MoveToHistory,
procedureName = “MOVE_TO_HISTORY”,
parameters = {
@StoredProcedureParameter(name = “person_id_in”, type = Long.class, mode = ParameterMode.IN),
@StoredProcedureParameter(name = “msg_out”, type = String.class, mode = ParameterMode.OUT)
}
)
@NamedStoredProcedureQuery(
name = Person.NamedQuery_FetchFromHistory,
procedureName = “FETCH_PERSON_HISTORY”,
resultClasses = {Person.class},
parameters = {
@StoredProcedureParameter(name = “history_cursor”, type = void.class, mode = ParameterMode.REF_CURSOR)
}
)
public class Person {
public static final String NamedQuery_MoveToHistory = “moveToHistory”;
public static final String NamedQuery_FetchFromHistory = “fetchFromHistory”;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "SQ_PERSON")
@SequenceGenerator(sequenceName = "SQ_PERSON", allocationSize = 1, name = "SQ_PERSON")
private long id;
@Column(name = "FIRST_NAME")
private String firstName;
@Column(name = "LAST_NAME")
private String lastName;
private String address;
// Getters and Setters
}
3. 主程序实现
最后,通过主程序调用存储过程:
java复制
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.StoredProcedureQuery;
public class ExampleMain {
private static EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory =
Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(“example-unit”);
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
reset();
persistEntities();
findAllEmployeeEntities();
movePersonToHistoryByName("Dana");
movePersonToHistoryByName("Mike");
fetchPersonHistory();
} finally {
entityManagerFactory.close();
}
}
private static void fetchPersonHistory() {
System.out.println("-- Fetching person History --");
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
StoredProcedureQuery procedureQuery =
entityManager.createNamedStoredProcedureQuery(Person.NamedQuery_FetchFromHistory);
procedureQuery.execute();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
List<Person> resultList = procedureQuery.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
}
private static void movePersonToHistoryByName(String name) {
System.out.printf("-- Moving person to history table name: %s --%n", name);
EntityManager entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
TypedQuery<Long> query = entityManager
.createQuery("SELECT p.id FROM Person p WHERE p.firstName = :firstName", Long.class);
query.setParameter("firstName", name);
Long personId = query.getSingleResult();
StoredProcedureQuery procedureQuery = entityManager
.createNamedStoredProcedureQuery(Person.NamedQuery_MoveToHistory);
entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
procedureQuery.setParameter("person_id_in", personId);
procedureQuery.execute();
Object msg_out = procedureQuery.getOutputParameterValue("msg_out");
System.out.println("Out msg= " + msg_out);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
}
private static void findAllEmployeeEntities() {
System.out.println("-- All Person entities --");
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
TypedQuery<Person> query = em.createQuery("SELECT p FROM Person p", Person.class);
List<Person> resultList = query.getResultList();
resultList.forEach(System.out::println);
em.close();
}
private static void persistEntities() {
Person person1 = new Person("Dana", "Whitley", "464 Gorsuch Drive");
Person person2 = new Person("Robin", "Cash", "64 Zella Park");
Person person3 = new Person("Chary", "Mess", "112 Yellow Hill");
Person person4 = new Person("Rose", "Kantata", "2736 Kooter Lane");
Person person5 = new Person("Mike", "Togglie", "111 Cool Dr");
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
em.persist(person1);
em.persist(person2);
em.persist(person3);
em.persist(person4);
em.persist(person5);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
}
private static void reset() {
EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
Query query = em.createQuery("DELETE FROM Person");
query.executeUpdate();
query = em.createNativeQuery("DELETE FROM PERSON_HISTORY");
query.executeUpdate();
em.getTransaction().commit();
}
}
三、运行结果
运行主程序后,输出如下:
复制
– All Person entities –
Person{id=76, firstName=‘Dana’, lastName=‘Whitley’, address=‘464 Gorsuch Drive’}
Person{id=77, firstName=‘Robin’, lastName=‘Cash’, address=‘64 Zella Park’}
Person{id=78, firstName=‘Chary’, lastName=‘Mess’, address=‘112 Yellow Hill’}
Person{id=79, firstName=‘Rose’, lastName=‘Kantata’, address=‘2736 Kooter Lane’}
Person{id=80, firstName=‘Mike’, lastName=‘Togglie’, address=‘111 Cool Dr’}
– Moving person to history table name: Dana –
Out msg= Person with id: 76 moved to History table. Update count: 1
– Moving person to history table name: Mike –
Out msg= Person with id: 80 moved to History table. Update count: 1
– Fetching person History –
Person{id=76, firstName=‘Dana’, lastName=‘Whitley’, address=‘464 Gorsuch Drive’}
Person{id=80, firstName=‘Mike’, lastName=‘Togglie’, address=‘111 Cool Dr’}
四、总结
通过@NamedStoredProcedureQuery注解,我们可以将复杂的数据库操作封装在存储过程中,并通过JPA轻松调用。这种方式不仅提高了代码的可维护性,还充分利用了数据库的性能优势。希望本文的示例能帮助你更好地理解和使用JPA与存储过程的结合。