Python常用的50个提高效率脚本

文件和目录管理

• 批量重命名文件

import os
for filename in os.listdir('.'):
os.rename(filename, filename.replace('old', 'new'))

• 查找大文件

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
for name in files:
if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root, name)) > 1024 * 1024:  # 大于1MB
print(os.path.join(root, name))

• 创建目录结构

import os``os.makedirs('dir/subdir/subsubdir', exist_ok=True)

• 删除空目录

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.', topdown=False):
for name in dirs:
dir_path = os.path.join(root, name)
if not os.listdir(dir_path):
os.rmdir(dir_path)

• 复制文件

import shutil
shutil.copy('source.txt', 'destination.txt')

• 移动文件

import shutil
shutil.move('source.txt', 'destination.txt')

• 读取文件内容

with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
content = file.read()

• 写入文件内容

with open('file.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write('Hello, World!')

• 追加文件内容

with open('file.txt', 'a') as file:
file.write('\nAppend this line.')

• 检查文件是否存在

import os
if os.path.exists('file.txt'):
print("File exists.")
else:
print("File does not exist.")

---

数据处理

• 读取 CSV 文件

import csv
with open('data.csv', 'r') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)

• 写入 CSV 文件

import csv
data = [['Name', 'Age'], ['Alice', 30], ['Bob', 25]]
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerows(data)

• 读取 JSON 文件

import json
with open('data.json', 'r') as file:
data = json.load(file)

• 写入 JSON 文件

import json
data = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}
with open('data.json', 'w') as file:
json.dump(data, file)

• 过滤列表中的重复项

my_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5]
unique_list = list(set(my_list))

• 排序列表

my_list = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5]
sorted_list = sorted(my_list)

• 反转列表

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
reversed_list = list(reversed(my_list))

• 合并多个列表

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined_list = list1 + list2

• 获取列表中的最大值

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
max_value = max(my_list)

• 获取列表中的最小值

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
min_value = min(my_list)

---

网络请求与爬虫

• 获取网页内容

import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')
print(response.text)

• 解析 HTML 页面

from bs4 
import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
titles = soup.find_all('h1')
for title in titles:
print(title.text)

• 下载图片

import requests
img_data = requests.get('http://example.com/image.jpg').content
with open('image.jpg', 'wb') as handler:
handler.write(img_data)

• 发送 HTTP POST 请求

import requests
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
print(response.text)

• 处理 JSON 响应

import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
data = response.json()
print(data)

• 设置超时时间

import requests
try:response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', timeout=5)
except requests.Timeout:
print("The request timed out")

• 处理异常

import requests
try:response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.HTTPError as http_err:
print(f"HTTP error occurred: {http_err}")
except Exception as err:
print(f"Other error occurred: {err}")

• 使用会话保持连接

import requests
session = requests.Session()
response = session.get('https://www.example.com')
print(response.text)

• 获取响应头信息

import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')
print(response.headers)

• 设置自定义请求头

import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'MyApp/1.0'}
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', headers=headers)
print(response.text)

---

自动化任务

• 定时执行任务

import schedule
import time``def job():
print("I'm working...")
schedule.every(10).seconds.do(job)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)

• 发送电子邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text 
import MIMEText
msg = MIMEText('Hello, this is a test email.')
msg['Subject'] = 'Test Email'
msg['From'] = 'your_email@example.com'
msg['To'] = 'recipient@example.com'
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

• 运行系统命令

import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print(result.stdout.decode('utf-8'))
* #### <font color=Red>压缩文件
```python
import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
zipf.write('file.txt')

• 解压文件

import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip', 'r') as zipf:
zipf.extractall('extracted_files')

• 监控文件变化

import time
import os
import hashlib
def get_file_hash(filename):
hasher = hashlib.md5()
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
buf = f.read()
hasher.update(buf)
return hasher.hexdigest()
last_hash = None
while True:
current_hash = get_file_hash('file.txt')
if current_hash != last_hash:
print("File has changed!")
last_hash = current_hash
time.sleep(1)

• 生成随机数

import random
random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
print(random_number)

• 生成随机字符串

import random
import string
random_string = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=12))
print(random_string)

• 生成随机密码

import random
import string
password = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=12))
print(password)

• 读取环境变量

import os
api_key = os.getenv('API_KEY')
print(api_key)

---

文字处理

• 统计单词数

text = "This is a test. This is only a test."
word_count = len(text.split())
print(f"Word count: {word_count}")

• 替换字符串

text = "Hello, World!"
new_text = text.replace("World", "Python")
print(new_text)

• 分割字符串

text = "apple,banana,orange"
fruits = text.split(',')
print(fruits)
* #### <font color=Red>连接字符串
```python
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
text = ', '.join(fruits)
print(text)

• 检查字符串是否包含子串

text = "Hello, World!"
if "World" in text:
print("Found 'World' in the text.")

• 将字符串转换为大写

text = "hello, world!"
upper_text = text.upper()
print(upper_text)

• 将字符串转换为小写

text = "HELLO, WORLD!"
lower_text = text.lower()
print(lower_text)

• 去除字符串首尾空格

text = "   Hello, World!   "
stripped_text = text.strip()
print(stripped_text)

• 去除字符串中所有空格

text = "Hello,   World!"
no_space_text = text.replace(" ", "")
print(no_space_text)

• 格式化字符串

name = "Alice"``age = 30
formatted_text = f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}"
print(formatted_text)

总结

• 最后希望你编程学习上不急不躁,按照计划有条不紊推进,把任何一件事做到极致,都是不容易的,加油,努力！相信自己！

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