spring 事务管理配置

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。 


总结如下： 
事务在系统服务启动的时候就加载了，一般的，我们把事务配在service层，利用service的业务逻辑借口统一的管理。为什么不用在dao层呢？因 为一个service有可能调用多个dao，而这多个dao有可能相互联系，有时候一个操作需要调用多次数据库，但是这多次调用要么全提交，要么全回滚。 因此，在dao层调用事务理论上说不是一个很明智的选择。应该有业务逻辑层service层负责事务，统一处理。 

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。 

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问 时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。 

具体如下图： 



根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下： 

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

<bean id="sessionFactory"  
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean>  

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<bean id="userDao"  
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
<property name="transactionAttributes">  
<props>  
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
</props>  
</property>  
</bean>  
</beans> 
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

<bean id="sessionFactory"  
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean>  

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<bean id="transactionBase"  
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
<property name="transactionAttributes">  
<props>  
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
</props>  
</property>  
</bean>    

<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
</bean> 
</beans> 
第三种方式：使用拦截器 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

<bean id="sessionFactory"  
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean>  

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<bean id="transactionInterceptor"  
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
<property name="transactionAttributes">  
<props>  
<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
</props>  
</property>  
</bean> 

<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  
<property name="beanNames">  
<list>  
<value>*Dao</value> 
</list>  
</property>  
<property name="interceptorNames">  
<list>  
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>  
</list>  
</property>  
</bean>  

<!-- 配置DAO --> 
<bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 
</beans> 
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 

<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 

<bean id="sessionFactory"  
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean>  

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> 
<tx:attributes> 
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> 
</tx:attributes> 
</tx:advice> 

<aop:config> 
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" 
expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" 
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        
</aop:config>      
</beans> 
第五种方式：全注解 


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 

<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 

<bean id="sessionFactory"  
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
</bean>  

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
<bean id="transactionManager" 
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
</bean> 

</beans> 
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下： 

package com.bluesky.spring.dao; 

import java.util.List; 

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User; 

@Transactional 
@Component("userDao") 
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { 

public List<User> listUsers() { 
return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list(); 
} 


}