国产化改造之Anolis操作系统空间扩容

mah666

于 2024-08-13 15:34:43 发布

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文章标签：运维国产操作系统 Linux扩容

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mah666/article/details/141165363

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环境信息

•

虚拟化软件：VMware® Workstation 17 Pro
•

虚拟机：Anolis OS 23

在VMware 中给Anolis虚拟机总共分了100GB空间，已经不够用。需要扩充，因为Anolis底层是Linux，而Linux是使用LVM（Logical Volume Manager）所以扩充磁盘非常方便。步骤如下

扩容前

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# df -h
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root   96G   19G   78G  20% /
devtmpfs                    4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       1.6G  1.1M  1.6G   1% /run
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p2              960M  210M  751M  22% /boot
tmpfs                       791M   12K  791M   1% /run/user/0

查看磁盘相关信息 fdisk -l

下面结果中/dev/nvme0n1、/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root、/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-swap三个为磁盘信息。其中//dev/nvme0n1磁盘有四个分区/dev/nvme0n1p1和/dev/nvme0n1p2，/dev/nvme0n1p3，/dev/nvme0n1p4。

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 419430399) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual NVMe Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 227AF57E-5B1C-4EE6-843B-DD60D78A92F2

Device            Start       End   Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1     2048      4095      2048   1M BIOS boot
/dev/nvme0n1p2     4096   2101247   2097152   1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3  2101248  41940991  39839744  19G Linux LVM
/dev/nvme0n1p4 41940992 209713151 167772160  80G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root: 96 GiB, 103075020800 bytes, 201318400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/ao_anolis-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

注意：Disklabel type：

•

dos:表示使用的是MBR（Master Boot Record）分区表；分区空间不能超过2TB，fdisk命令可处理，也可使用parted
•

gpt表示使用的是GPT（GUID Partition Table）分区表；分区空间可支持更大，应使用parted命令或者gdisk命令。fdisk无法处理GPT，仅可查看！

查看磁盘空间，分区，文件系统，挂接点 lsblk -f

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# lsblk -f
NAME               FSTYPE      FSVER            LABEL                UUID                                   FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                iso9660     Joliet Extension anolis-23-x86_64-dvd 2024-05-30-22-03-11-00                                
nvme0n1                                                                                                                    
├─nvme0n1p1                                                                                                                
├─nvme0n1p2        xfs                                               c710639d-df1f-472f-8b87-42035e4a3d4b    750.3M    22% /boot
├─nvme0n1p3        LVM2_member LVM2 001                              SSrbCU-CCr5-rKs5-o4GU-vB0i-dsea-e3EYTl                
│ ├─ao_anolis-root xfs                                               c033ff40-4827-4e87-a3f6-b427715e462d     77.4G    19% /
│ └─ao_anolis-swap swap        1                                     0e01bf08-d822-4249-9b91-c67a66ae34ba                  [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p4        LVM2_member LVM2 001                              Dv6Xfh-F8Vw-vGfF-zjg4-8AVm-cCoP-3BbMky                
  └─ao_anolis-root xfs                                               c033ff40-4827-4e87-a3f6-b427715e462d     77.4G    19% /

扩容步骤

关闭虚拟机，在虚拟机设置中点击“硬盘”，点击“扩展”,进行扩展设置

磁盘创建 partition，通过命令fdisk进行创建，新增的partion为nvme0n1

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.39.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 419430399) will be corrected by write.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.


Command (m for help): h
h: unknown command

Command (m for help): m

Help:

  GPT
   M   enter protective/hybrid MBR

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty MBR (DOS) partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


Command (m for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5): 
First sector (209713152-419430366, default 209713152): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (209713152-419430366, default 419428351): 

Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 100 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

新增以后再次查看磁盘空间 fdisk -l

多了一块/dev/nvme0n1p5

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual NVMe Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 227AF57E-5B1C-4EE6-843B-DD60D78A92F2

Device             Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1      2048      4095      2048    1M BIOS boot
/dev/nvme0n1p2      4096   2101247   2097152    1G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3   2101248  41940991  39839744   19G Linux LVM
/dev/nvme0n1p4  41940992 209713151 167772160   80G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p5 209713152 419428351 209715200  100G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root: 96 GiB, 103075020800 bytes, 201318400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/ao_anolis-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

创建PV并纳入VG

这个时候通过pvdisplay或vgdisplay命令还看不到刚才新增的Partition

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p3
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  PV Size               <19.00 GiB / not usable 0   
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4863
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4863
  PV UUID               SSrbCU-CCr5-rKs5-o4GU-vB0i-dsea-e3EYTl
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p4
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  PV Size               80.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Free PE               255
  Allocated PE          20224
  PV UUID               Dv6Xfh-F8Vw-vGfF-zjg4-8AVm-cCoP-3BbMky
   
[root@anolis ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               98.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25342
  Alloc PE / Size       25087 / <98.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               HBywpj-Igkz-nyH1-6zSf-ActB-Z9Qk-R6xVwr

通过pvcreate,创建pv，创建后通过pvdisplay就可以看到新增的Partition，通过vgdisplay命令可以看到此时并未纳入到vg中

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n1p5
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n1p5" successfully created.
  Not creating system devices file due to existing VGs.
[root@anolis ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p3
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  PV Size               <19.00 GiB / not usable 0   
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4863
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4863
  PV UUID               SSrbCU-CCr5-rKs5-o4GU-vB0i-dsea-e3EYTl
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p4
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  PV Size               80.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Free PE               255
  Allocated PE          20224
  PV UUID               Dv6Xfh-F8Vw-vGfF-zjg4-8AVm-cCoP-3BbMky
   
  "/dev/nvme0n1p5" is a new physical volume of "100.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/nvme0n1p5
  VG Name               
  PV Size               100.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               3gW52r-wx2Q-hZYf-n4jL-Vu8v-2ZYY-QZNlYu
   
[root@anolis ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               98.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25342
  Alloc PE / Size       25087 / <98.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       255 / 1020.00 MiB
  VG UUID               HBywpj-Igkz-nyH1-6zSf-ActB-Z9Qk-R6xVwr

最后用vgextend将新建的pv加入到vg中(本机上的vg名为“ao_anolis”)，加入成功后再次使用vg命令可以看到已经纳入

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# vgextend ao_anolis /dev/nvme0n1p5
  Volume group "ao_anolis" successfully extended
[root@anolis ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ao_anolis
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               <198.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              50941
  Alloc PE / Size       25087 / <98.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25854 / 100.99 GiB
  VG UUID               HBywpj-Igkz-nyH1-6zSf-ActB-Z9Qk-R6xVwr

对原LV扩展容量

在扩LV之前，可以通过命令lvdisplay查看当前的LV情况。可以看到：

•

系统已存在两个LV，都是基于在名为“ao_anolis”的VG上分配的空间。
•

结合前面，我们正是要给LV Pathe是“/dev/ao_anolis/root” 的LV进行扩展

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ao_anolis/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                ao_anolis
  LV UUID                4MregN-gLNt-lXQz-FSmr-HXVN-qCio-pJL04R
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time anolis, 2024-08-07 00:36:42 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ao_anolis/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                ao_anolis
  LV UUID                tidop2-uxMA-dwbU-9DSw-4af7-1mfK-9NDKY3
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time anolis, 2024-08-07 00:36:42 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <96.00 GiB
  Current LE             24575
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:0

因此，我们将新增的100GB空闲空间，全部分配给LV Path为“/dev/ao_anolis/root” 的LV。命令格式为：

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/ao_anolis/root
  Size of logical volume ao_anolis/root changed from <96.00 GiB (24575 extents) to <196.00 GiB (50175 extents).
  Logical volume ao_anolis/root successfully resized.
[root@anolis ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ao_anolis/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                ao_anolis
  LV UUID                4MregN-gLNt-lXQz-FSmr-HXVN-qCio-pJL04R
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time anolis, 2024-08-07 00:36:42 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ao_anolis/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                ao_anolis
  LV UUID                tidop2-uxMA-dwbU-9DSw-4af7-1mfK-9NDKY3
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time anolis, 2024-08-07 00:36:42 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <196.00 GiB
  Current LE             50175
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:0

扩大文件系统 xfs_growfs

这时通过df查看当前文件系统，仍未变化。这是因为尽管LV容量扩大了，但文件系统还未扩大。

通过df -T命令查看当前文件系统的类型。如果是ext4等文件系统可以通过命令resize2fs扩大，因为我们是xfs文件系统，所以需要使用命令xfs_growfs来完成文件系统扩大。

然后再次通过df查看文件系统空间情况，可以看到空间已经扩大。

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# df -h
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root   96G   19G   78G  20% /
devtmpfs                    4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       1.6G  1.1M  1.6G   1% /run
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p2              960M  210M  751M  22% /boot
tmpfs                       791M   12K  791M   1% /run/user/0

[root@anolis ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root isize=512    agcount=23, agsize=1113856 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=1
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=1 inobtcount=1 nrext64=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25164800, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=16384, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 25164800 to 51379200

最后再次使用df命令查看空间，可以看到/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root已经成功增加了100G

--javascripttypescriptshellbashsqljsonhtmlcssccppjavarubypythongorustmarkdown

[root@anolis ~]# df -h
Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ao_anolis-root  196G   21G  176G  11% /
devtmpfs                    4.0M     0  4.0M   0% /dev
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                       1.6G  1.1M  1.6G   1% /run
tmpfs                       3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p2              960M  210M  751M  22% /boot
tmpfs                       791M   12K  791M   1% /run/user/0