NSFetchedResultController

Overview

You use a fetched results controller to efficiently manage the results returned from a Core Data fetch request to provide data for a UITableViewobject.

While table views can be used in several ways, fetched results controllers are primarily intended to assist you with a master list view. UITableViewexpects its data source to provide cells as an array of sections made up of rows. You configure a fetch results controller using a fetch request that specifies the entity, an array containing at least one sort ordering, and optionally a filter predicate. The fetched results controller efficiently analyzes the result of the fetch request and computes all the information about sections in the result set. It also computes all the information for the index based on the result set.

In addition, fetched results controllers provide the following features:

• Optionally monitor changes to objects in the associated managed object context, and report changes in the results set to its delegate (see “The Controller’s Delegate”).

• Optionally cache the results of its computation so that if the same data is subsequently re-displayed, the work does not have to be repeated (see“The Cache”).

A controller thus effectively has three modes of operation, determined by whether it has a delegate and whether the cache file name is set.

1. No tracking: the delegate is set to nil.

   The controller simply provides access to the data as it was when the fetch was executed.

2. Memory-only tracking: the delegate is non-nil and the file cache name is set to nil.

   The controller monitors objects in its result set and updates section and ordering information in response to relevant changes.

3. Full persistent tracking: the delegate and the file cache name are non-nil.

   The controller monitors objects in its result set and updates section and ordering information in response to relevant changes. The controller maintains a persistent cache of the results of its computation.

Important: A delegate must implement at least one of the change tracking delegate methods in order for change tracking to be enabled. Providing an empty implementation of controllerDidChangeContent: is sufficient.

Using NSFetchedResultsController

Creating the Fetched Results Controller

You typically create an instance of NSFetchedResultsController as an instance variable of a table view controller. When you initialize the fetch results controller, you provide four parameters:

1. A fetch request. This must contain at least one sort descriptor to order the results.

2. A managed object context. The controller uses this context to execute the fetch request.

3. Optionally, a key path on result objects that returns the section name. The controller uses the key path to split the results into sections (passing nil indicates that the controller should generate a single section).

4. Optionally, the name of the cache file the controller should use (passing nil prevents caching). Using a cache can avoid the overhead of computing the section and index information.

After creating an instance, you invoke performFetch: to actually execute the fetch.

NSManagedObjectContext *context = <#Managed object context#>;

NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init];

// Configure the request's entity, and optionally its predicate.

NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"<#Sort key#>" ascending:YES];

NSArray *sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor, nil];

[fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors];

[sortDescriptors release];

[sortDescriptor release];

NSFetchedResultsController *controller = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc]

initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest

managedObjectContext:context

sectionNameKeyPath:nil

cacheName:@"<#Cache name#>"];

[fetchRequest release];

NSError *error;

BOOL success = [controller performFetch:&error];

Important: If you are using a cache, you must call deleteCacheWithName: before changing any of the fetch request, its predicate, or its sort descriptors. You must not reuse the same fetched results controller for multiple queries unless you set the cacheName to nil.

The Controller’s Delegate

If you set a delegate for a fetched results controller, the controller registers to receive change notifications from its managed object context. Any change in the context that affects the result set or section information is processed and the results are updated accordingly. The controller notifies the delegate when result objects change location or when sections are modified (see NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate). You typically use these methods to update the display of the table view.

The Cache

Where possible, a controller uses a cache to avoid the need to repeat work performed in setting up any sections and ordering the contents. The cache is maintained across launches of your application.

When you initialize an instance of NSFetchedResultsController, you typically specify a cache name. (If you do not specify a cache name, the controller does not cache data.) When you create a controller, it looks for an existing cache with the given name:

• If the controller can’t find an appropriate cache, it calculates the required sections and the order of objects within sections. It then writes this information to disk.

• If it finds a cache with the same name, the controller tests the cache to determine whether its contents are still valid. The controller compares the current entity name, entity version hash, sort descriptors, and section key-path with those stored in the cache, as well as the modification date of the cached information file and the persistent store file.

  If the cache is consistent with the current information, the controller reuses the previously-computed information.

  If the cache is not consistent with the current information, then the required information is recomputed, and the cache updated.

Any time the section and ordering information change, the cache is updated.

If you have multiple fetched results controllers with different configurations (different sort descriptors and so on), you must give each a different cache name.

You can purge a cache using deleteCacheWithName:.

Implementing the Table View Datasource Methods

You ask the object to provide relevant information in your implementation of the table view data source methods:

- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {

return [[<#Fetched results controller#> sections] count];

}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)table numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {

if ([[<#Fetched results controller#> sections] count] > 0) {

id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo> sectionInfo = [[<#Fetched results controller#> sections] objectAtIndex:section];

return [sectionInfo numberOfObjects];

} else

return 0;

}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {

UITableViewCell *cell = <#Get the cell#>;

NSManagedObject *managedObject = [<#Fetched results controller#> objectAtIndexPath:indexPath];

// Configure the cell with data from the managed object.

return cell;

}

- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section {

if ([[<#Fetched results controller#> sections] count] > 0) {

id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo> sectionInfo = [[<#Fetched results controller#> sections] objectAtIndex:section];

return [sectionInfo name];

} else

return nil;

}

- (NSArray *)sectionIndexTitlesForTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {

return [<#Fetched results controller#> sectionIndexTitles];

}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView sectionForSectionIndexTitle:(NSString *)title atIndex:(NSInteger)index {

return [<#Fetched results controller#> sectionForSectionIndexTitle:title atIndex:index];

}

Responding to Changes

In general, NSFetchedResultsController is designed to respond to changes at the model layer, by informing its delegate when result objects change location or when sections are modified.

If you allow a user to reorder table rows, then your implementation of the delegate methods must take this into account—seeNSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate.

Changes are not reflected until after the controller’s managed object context has received a processPendingChanges message. Therefore, if you change the value of a managed object’s attribute so that its location in a fetched results controller’s results set would change, its index as reported by the controller would typically not change until the end of the current event cycle (when processPendingChanges is invoked). For example, the following code fragment would log “same”:

NSFetchedResultsController *frc = <#A fetched results controller#>;

NSManagedObject *managedObject = <#A managed object in frc's fetchedObjects array#>;

NSIndexPath *beforeIndexPath = [frc indexPathForObject:managedObject];

[managedObject setSortKeyAttribute:

<#A new value that changes managedObject's position in frc's fetchedObjects array#>;

NSIndexPath *afterIndexPath = [frc indexPathForObject:managedObject];

if ([beforeIndexPath compare:afterIndexPath] == NSOrderedSame) {

NSLog(@"same");

}

Modifying the Fetch Request

You cannot simply change the fetch request to modify the results. If you want to change the fetch request, you must:

1. If you are using a cache, delete it (using deleteCacheWithName:).

   Typically you should not use a cache if you are changing the fetch request.

2. Change the fetch request.

3. Invoke performFetch:.

Handling Object Invalidation

When a managed object context notifies the fetched results controller that individual objects are invalidated, the controller treats these as deleted objects and sends the proper delegate calls.

It’s possible for all the objects in a managed object context to be invalidated simultaneously. (For example, as a result of calling reset, or if a store is removed from the the persistent store coordinator.) When this happens, NSFetchedResultsController does not invalidate all objects, nor does it send individual notifications for object deletions. Instead, you must call performFetch: to reset the state of the controller then reload the data in the table view (reloadData).

iOS Version Issues

There are several known issues and behavior changes with NSFetchedResultsController on various releases of iOS.

iOS 4.0 and Later

On iOS 4.0 and later, NSFetchedResultsController does not silently correct results if you reuse the same cache for multiple controllers.

• On iOS 4.0 and later, NSFetchedResultsController does not perform some checks that would detect when you erroneously use the same cache for multiple controllers. (This derives from an optimization that can help avoid complex string matching on launch.) If you reuse the same cache for multiple controllers, you will get incorrect results.

iOS 3.2 and Later

On iOS 3.2 and later, if the cache is stale or nil, the controller attempts to calculate the section information directly in the database instead of fetching the objects. This isn't possible if the sectionNameKeyPath includes any properties that are not persistent. In that case, the controller will fetch the objects to compute the sections.

Pre-iOS 4.0

Prior to iOS 4.0, there are a number of known issues with delegates handling callbacks. In many cases, you should just use

- (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller {

[self.tableView reloadData];

}

instead of per-row updates. For the best user experience, you are encouraged to check the OS version number and use the finer grained delegate methods only on devices running iOS 4.0 and later.

NSFetchedResultsController does not support sections being deleted as a result of a UI-driven change.

Subclassing Notes

You create a subclass of this class if you want to customize the creation of sections and index titles. You overridesectionIndexTitleForSectionName: if you want the section index title to be something other than the capitalized first letter of the section name. You override sectionIndexTitles if you want the index titles to be something other than the array created by callingsectionIndexTitleForSectionName: on all the known sections.