事务管理入门-JDBC/Hibernate事务管理器/Spring注解 3种方式

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 07:15:00 发布

majiwei_wh

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 07:15:00 发布

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在软件开发过程中，经常会遇到事务问题，下面我们来看看最简单的JDBC和Spring分别如何处理事务。

关于事务控制的场景当然是转账，我们使用的数据库是MySQL。

打开test数据库后，运行下面的数据库脚本：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account;
CREATE TABLE account (
accountId int primary key auto_increment,
accountname varchar(20),
money int not null
);

INSERT INTO ACCOUNT(ACCOUNTNAME,MONEY) VALUES('zhangsan',100);
INSERT INTO ACCOUNT(ACCOUNTNAME,MONEY) VALUES('lisi',100);

1、JDBC中的事务控制

代码1：AccountDAO.java

package com.coderdream;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class AccountDAO {

	public void transfer(Integer fromAccountId, Integer toAccountId, int money) {
		try {
			// 1. 注册驱动
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

			// 2. 获取数据库的连接
			Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
					"jdbc:mysql://localhost/test", "root", "1234");

			// 3. 获取表达式
			Statement stmt1 = conn.createStatement();
			Statement stmt2 = conn.createStatement();
			Statement stmt3 = conn.createStatement();
			Statement stmt4 = conn.createStatement();

			// 执行插入数据的 SQL
			ResultSet rs1 = stmt1
					.executeQuery("SELECT MONEY FROM ACCOUNT WHERE ACCOUNTID="
							+ fromAccountId);
			// 5. 显示结果集里面的数据
			int money1 = 0;
			while (rs1.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs1.getInt(1));
				money1 = rs1.getInt(1);
			}

			// 修改
			money1 -= money;
			System.out.println("money1: " + money1);
			stmt2.executeUpdate("UPDATE ACCOUNT SET MONEY=" + money1
					+ " WHERE ACCOUNTID=" + fromAccountId);

			// 执行插入数据的 SQL
			ResultSet rs2 = stmt3
					.executeQuery("SELECT MONEY FROM ACCOUNT WHERE ACCOUNTID="
							+ toAccountId);
			// 5. 显示结果集里面的数据
			int money2 = 0;
			while (rs2.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs2.getInt(1));
				money2 = rs2.getInt(1);
			}

			// 修改
			money2 += money;
			System.out.println("money2: " + money2);
			stmt2.executeUpdate("UPDATE ACCOUNT SET MONEY=" + money2
					+ " WHERE ACCOUNTID=" + toAccountId);

			// 6. 释放资源
			rs1.close();
			rs2.close();
			stmt1.close();
			stmt2.close();
			stmt3.close();
			stmt4.close();
			conn.close();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

代码2：AccountService.java

package com.coderdream;

public class AccountService {

	private AccountDAO accountDAO;

	/**
	 * 通过 Spring 向 Service ͨszh注入 Dao
	 * 
	 * @param accountDAO
	 */
	public void setAccountDAO(AccountDAO accountDAO) {
		this.accountDAO = accountDAO;
	}

	/**
	 * 转账
	 * 
	 * @param fromAccountId
	 *            转出帐号
	 * @param toAccountId
	 *            转入帐号
	 * @param money
	 *            转账金额
	 */
	public void transfer(Integer fromAccountId, Integer toAccountId, int money) {
		accountDAO.transfer(fromAccountId, toAccountId, money);
	}
}

代码3：Main.java

package com.coderdream;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ApplicationContext act = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(
				"src/applicationContext.xml");
		AccountService accountService = (AccountService) act
				.getBean("accountService");
		try {
			// 帐号1转账1元至帐号2
			accountService.transfer(1, 2, 1);//A
               } catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("转账失败!");
		}
	}
}

代码4：applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<bean id="accountDAO" class="com.coderdream.AccountDAO" />
	
	<bean id="accountService" class="com.coderdream.AccountService">
		<property name="accountDAO" ref="accountDAO"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

上面的代码是没有加事务控制的，如果把‘A’处的代码换成：

			// 帐号1转账1元至帐号3
			accountService.transfer(1, 3, 1);//A

则由于帐号3不存在，所以会出现问题，帐号1的金额会减1，而帐号2的金额不会变，转账的1元就“不翼而飞”了，所以必须在Dao层加入事务控制。

代码5：加入事务控制后的AccountDAO

public class AccountDAO {

	public void transfer(Integer fromAccountId, Integer toAccountId, int money) {
		Connection conn = null;
		ResultSet rs1 = null;
		Integer rs2 = null;
		ResultSet rs3 = null;
		Integer rs4 = null;
		Statement stmt1 = null;
		Statement stmt2 = null;
		Statement stmt3 = null;
		Statement stmt4 = null;
		// 1. 注册驱动
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

			// 2. 获取数据库的连接
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/test",
					"root", "1234");

			conn.setAutoCommit(false);

			// 3. 获取表达式
			stmt1 = conn.createStatement();
			stmt2 = conn.createStatement();
			stmt3 = conn.createStatement();
			stmt4 = conn.createStatement();

			// 执行插入数据的 SQL
			rs1 = stmt1
					.executeQuery("SELECT MONEY FROM ACCOUNT WHERE ACCOUNTID="
							+ fromAccountId);
			// 5. 显示结果集里面的数据
			int money1 = 0;
			while (rs1.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs1.getInt(1));
				money1 = rs1.getInt(1);
			}

			// 修改
			money1 -= money;
			System.out.println("money1: " + money1);
			rs2 = stmt2.executeUpdate("UPDATE ACCOUNT SET MONEY=" + money1
					+ " WHERE ACCOUNTID=" + fromAccountId);
			if (1 != rs2) {
				throw new Exception(" 转出失败，帐号： " + fromAccountId);
			}

			// 执行插入数据的 SQL
			rs3 = stmt3
					.executeQuery("SELECT MONEY FROM ACCOUNT WHERE ACCOUNTID="
							+ toAccountId);
			// 5. 显示结果集里面的数据
			int money2 = 0;
			while (rs3.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs3.getInt(1));
				money2 = rs3.getInt(1);
			}

			// 修改
			money2 += money;
			System.out.println("money2: " + money2);
			rs4 = stmt2.executeUpdate("UPDATE ACCOUNT SET MONEY=" + money2
					+ " WHERE ACCOUNTID=" + toAccountId);
			if (1 != rs4) {
				throw new Exception(" 转入失败，帐号： " + toAccountId);
			}

			conn.commit();
			System.out.println("转帐成功！");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			try {
				conn.rollback();
			} catch (Exception e1) {
				e1.printStackTrace();
			}
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		// 6. 释放资源
		finally {
			try {
				if (rs1 != null) {
					rs1.close();
				}
				if (rs3 != null) {
					rs3.close();
				}
				if (stmt1 != null) {
					stmt1.close();
				}
				if (stmt2 != null) {
					stmt2.close();
				}
				if (stmt3 != null) {
					stmt3.close();
				}
				if (stmt4 != null) {
					stmt4.close();
				}
				if (conn != null) {
					conn.close();
				}
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

2、Spring中的事务控制方式一：Hibernate的事务管理器托管

我们先来看看通过Spring+Hibernate来操作数据库的简单示例。

先通过 MyEclipse 生成Hibernate 需要的 Bean 及 hbm.xml文件：

代码6：Account.java

package com.coderdream;

/**
 * Account entity.
 * 
 * @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */
public class Account implements java.io.Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 909891879728703117L;

	private Integer accountId;
	private String accountname;
	private Integer money;

	// Property accessors

	public Integer getAccountId() {
		return this.accountId;
	}

	public void setAccountId(Integer accountId) {
		this.accountId = accountId;
	}

	public String getAccountname() {
		return this.accountname;
	}

	public void setAccountname(String accountname) {
		this.accountname = accountname;
	}

	public Integer getMoney() {
		return this.money;
	}

	public void setMoney(Integer money) {
		this.money = money;
	}

	// Constructors

	/** default constructor */
	public Account() {
	}

	/** full constructor */
	public Account(String accountname, Integer money) {
		this.accountname = accountname;
		this.money = money;
	}

}

代码7：Account.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.coderdream.Account" table="account" catalog="test">
        <id name="accountId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="accountId" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="accountname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="accountname" length="20" />
        </property>
        <property name="money" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="money" length="20" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

代码8：

package com.coderdream;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

public class AccountDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport {

	public void addMoney(Integer accountId, int money) {
		Account account = (Account) getHibernateTemplate().get(Account.class,
				accountId);
		account.setMoney(account.getMoney() + money);
		getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(account);
	}

	public void subMoney(Integer accountId, int money) {
		Account account = (Account) getHibernateTemplate().get(Account.class,
				accountId);
		account.setMoney(account.getMoney() - money);
		getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(account);
	}
}

代码9：

package com.coderdream;

public class AccountService {

	private AccountDAO accountDAO;

	/**
	 * 通过 Spring 将 DAO 注入到 Service
	 * 
	 * @param accountDAO
	 */
	public void setAccountDAO(AccountDAO accountDAO) {
		this.accountDAO = accountDAO;
	}

	/**
	 * 转账方法包括两个原子方法：转出方法和转入方法
	 * 
	 * @param fromAccountId
	 * @param toAccountId
	 * @param money
	 */
	public void transfer(Integer fromAccountId, Integer toAccountId, int money) {
		accountDAO.subMoney(fromAccountId, money);
		accountDAO.addMoney(toAccountId, money);
	}
}

代码10：

package com.coderdream;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ApplicationContext act = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(
				"src/applicationContext.xml");
		AccountService accountService = (AccountService) act
				.getBean("accountService");
		try {
			// 帐号1转账1元至帐号2
			accountService.transfer(1, 2, 1);// B
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println("转账失败");
		}
	}
}

上面的代码同样没有加入事务控制，如果在‘B’处将转入的帐号设置为不存在的帐号3，同样会有问题，下面我们来加入事务控制，我们需要修改 applicationContext.xml 文件：

代码11：增加事务后的 applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<bean id="dataSource"
		class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName"
			value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">
		</property>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
		<property name="username" value="root"></property>
		<property name="password" value="1234"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource">
			<ref bean="dataSource" />
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
					org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
				</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>com/coderdream/Account.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 引用Hibernate的事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="accountDAO" class="com.coderdream.AccountDAO">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 通过事务管理器来管理Service -->
	<bean id="accountService"
		class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
		<property name="target">
			<bean class="com.coderdream.AccountService">
				<property name="accountDAO" ref="accountDAO"></property>
			</bean>
		</property>
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="transfer">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

3、Spring中的事务控制方式二：注解方式

当然，我们还可以通过注解的方式加入事务的控制。

我们需要先在 applicationContext.xml 声明事务控制器和注解：

代码12：applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">

	<bean id="dataSource"
		class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName"
			value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">
		</property>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
		<property name="username" value="root"></property>
		<property name="password" value="1234"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource">
			<ref bean="dataSource" />
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
					org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
				</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>com/coderdream/Account.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 引用Hibernate的事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 使用annotation定义事务 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

	<bean id="accountDAO" class="com.coderdream.AccountDAO">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="accountService" class="com.coderdream.AccountService">
		<property name="accountDAO" ref="accountDAO"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

同时需要在Service层的要使用的方法上声明事务，如：

@Transactional(readOnly = false)

如果只是对数据库进行查询操作，这里的“readOnly = true“，如果是”增/删/改“操作，则为 false。

代码13：在方法上加入“注解式”事务控制后的 AccountService.java

package com.coderdream;

public class AccountService {

	private AccountDAO accountDAO;

	/**
	 * 通过 Spring 将 DAO 注入到 Service
	 * 
	 * @param accountDAO
	 */
	public void setAccountDAO(AccountDAO accountDAO) {
		this.accountDAO = accountDAO;
	}

	/**
	 * 转账方法包括两个原子方法：转出方法和转入方法
	 * 
	 * @param fromAccountId
	 * @param toAccountId
	 * @param money
	 */
	@Transactional(readOnly = false)
	public void transfer(Integer fromAccountId, Integer toAccountId, int money) {
		accountDAO.subMoney(fromAccountId, money);
		accountDAO.addMoney(toAccountId, money);
	}
}

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事务管理入门-JDBC/Hibernate事务管理器/Spring注解 3种方式

在软件开发过程中，经常会遇到事务问题，下面我们来看看最简单的JDBC和Spring分别如何处理事务。关于事务控制的场景当然是转账，我们使用的数据库是MySQL。打开test数据库后，运行下面的数据库脚本：DROP TABLE IF EXISTS account;CREATE TABLE account (accountId int primary key auto_inc...
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