转:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuechaotian/archive/2013/02/04/2891416.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/yuechaotian/archive/2013/02/04/2890266.html
除了查询条件,还可以使用修改器对文档进行更新。
1. $inc
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "name" : "xtt", "age" : 11 }
> db.tianyc03.update({name:'xtt',age:11},{'$inc':{age:5}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "name" : "xtt", "age" : 16 }
#$inc还可以添加列。
> db.tianyc04.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510c83ad13d7e50c2281b048"), "wc" : 1 }
> db.tianyc04.update({wc:1},{$inc:{score:50}})
> db.tianyc04.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510c83ad13d7e50c2281b048"), "score" : 50, "wc" : 1 }
>
2. $set
用来指定一个键的值,若该键不存在,则创建。如果需要删除该键,使用$unset。
#新增加列sex
> db.tianyc03.update({name:'xtt',age:16},{$set:{sex:'m'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "name" : "xtt", "sex" : "m" }
#修改列sex
> db.tianyc03.update({name:'xtt',age:16},{$set:{sex:'male'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "name" : "xtt", "sex" : "male" }
#改变列sex数据类型
> db.tianyc03.update({name:'xtt',age:16},{$set:{sex:1}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "name" : "xtt", "sex" : 1 }
#删除列sex
> db.tianyc03.update({name:'xtt',age:16},{$unset:{sex:1}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "name" : "xtt" }
3. $push
用来增加数组。若没有改列,则会自动增加。
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$push:{companies:'neu'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$push:{companies:'alibaba'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba" ], "name" : "xtt" }
4. $addToSet
#push操作不会检查数组中元素是否重复,如果需要将不重复的数据加入数组,需要使用$addToSet
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$addToSet:{companies:'alibaba'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba", "alibaba" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$addToSet:{companies:'congxing'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$addToSet:{companies:'congxing'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing" ], "name" : "xtt" }
>
5. $pop
通过$pop可以从数组中移除数据。此时数据被看成是一个队列。使用{$pop:{key:1}}将从队列末尾移除元素,使用{$pop:{key:-1}}将从队列开头移除元素。
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$addToSet:{companies:['c1','c2']}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing", [ "c1", "c2" ] ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$pop:{companies:1}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "neu", "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing" ], "name" : "xtt" }
>
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$pop:{companies:-1}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing" ], "name" : "xtt" }
>
6. $pull
除了 $pop,也可以使用 $pull 来删除数组中的元素,此时可以根据元素值进行匹配,将匹配上的元素全部删除。
> db.tianyc03.update({'name':'xtt'},{$addToSet:{companies:'teletek'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "alibaba", "alibaba", "congxing", "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({},{$pull:{companies:'congxing'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "alibaba", "alibaba", "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({},{$pull:{companies:'alibaba'}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
>
1. upsert
将update的第三个参数设置为true,存在则更新,不存在则插入。
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
> db.tianyc03.update({count:20},{$inc:{count:3}}, true)
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 23 }
> db.tianyc03.update({count:20},{$inc:{count:3}}, true)
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
> db.tianyc03.update({count:23},{$inc:{count:3}}, true)
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
>
2. save
若文档中不包含_id,save和insert功能相同;若包含_id,则save和upsert功能相同。
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
> db.tianyc03.save({count:24})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 24 }
> db.tianyc03.save({count:24})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"),"count" : 24 }
> db.tianyc03.save({"_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"),count:244})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "age" : 16, "companies" : [ "teletek" ], "name" : "xtt" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 244 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"),"count" : 24 }
#而insert会提示插入失败。
> db.tianyc03.insert({"_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"),count:244})
E11000 duplicate key error index: test.tianyc03.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0') }
3. 批量更新
默认情况下,update只更新匹配到的第一行记录。将update的第四个参数设置为true,则批量更新搜索到的所有记录。
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "count" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 244 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"), "count" : 24 }
#将所有count值增加10,但却只增加了第一行。
> db.tianyc03.update({},{$inc:{count:10}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "count" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 244 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"), "count" : 24 }
#再增加一次,还是只增加了第一行。
> db.tianyc03.update({},{$inc:{count:10}})
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "count" : 31 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 244 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"), "count" : 24 }
#使用批量更新,达到目的。
> db.tianyc03.update({},{$inc:{count:10}},false,true)
> db.tianyc03.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50ea6b6f12729d90ce6e341b"), "count" : 41 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1a9f6010b3da16ea6618"), "count" : 36 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1aa76010b3da16ea6619"), "count" : 33 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1b718474cd8af024e2d0"), "count" : 254 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("510f1c8f8474cd8af024e2d1"), "count" : 34 }