LeetCode 数据库刷题 - 1179. 重新格式化部门表

题目:

部门表 Department：

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| id            | int     |
| revenue       | int     |
| month         | varchar |
+---------------+---------+
(id, month) 是表的联合主键。
这个表格有关于每个部门每月收入的信息。
月份（month）可以取下列值 ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]。
 

编写一个 SQL 查询来重新格式化表，使得新的表中有一个部门 id 列和一些对应 每个月 的收入（revenue）列。

查询结果格式如下面的示例所示：

Department 表：
+------+---------+-------+
| id   | revenue | month |
+------+---------+-------+
| 1    | 8000    | Jan   |
| 2    | 9000    | Jan   |
| 3    | 10000   | Feb   |
| 1    | 7000    | Feb   |
| 1    | 6000    | Mar   |
+------+---------+-------+

查询得到的结果表：
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| id   | Jan_Revenue | Feb_Revenue | Mar_Revenue | ... | Dec_Revenue |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| 1    | 8000        | 7000        | 6000        | ... | null        |
| 2    | 9000        | null        | null        | ... | null        |
| 3    | null        | 10000       | null        | ... | null        |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+

注意，结果表有 13 列 (1个部门 id 列 + 12个月份的收入列)。

解答: 

-- 行转列问题

# 方法1: 1, 针对id分组; 2, 针对month求和 (使用聚合函数不计算null的特性)
select 
      id
     , sum(case `month` when 'Jan' then revenue else null end) as Jan_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Feb' then revenue else null end) as Feb_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Mar' then revenue else null end) as Mar_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Apr' then revenue else null end) as Apr_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'May' then revenue else null end) as May_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Jun' then revenue else null end) as Jun_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Jul' then revenue else null end) as Jul_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Aug' then revenue else null end) as Aug_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Sep' then revenue else null end) as Sep_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Oct' then revenue else null end) as Oct_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Nov' then revenue else null end) as Nov_Revenue
     , sum(case `month` when 'Dec' then revenue else null end) as Dec_Revenue
from Department group by id

# 方法2: 使用if做判断
select id,
    sum(IF(month="Jan",revenue,null)) as Jan_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Feb",revenue,null)) as Feb_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Mar",revenue,null)) as Mar_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Apr",revenue,null)) as Apr_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="May",revenue,null)) as May_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Jun",revenue,null)) as Jun_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Jul",revenue,null)) as Jul_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Aug",revenue,null)) as Aug_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Sep",revenue,null)) as Sep_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Oct",revenue,null)) as Oct_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Nov",revenue,null)) as Nov_Revenue,
    sum(IF(month="Dec",revenue,null)) as Dec_Revenue
from Department group by id;