Android eMMC Booting
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[edit]eMMC binaries
This is the efi partition table as exists on the emmc
Sector# Size Name 256 128K xloader 512 256K bootloader 2048 8M recovery 18432 8M boot 34816 512M system 1083392 256M cache 1607680 512M userdata 2656256 2183M media
[edit]Creating the GPT table
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On Target
- Connect a USB cable to the OTG port on your platform
- Boot your platform up with a stock u-boot and MLO
- Once you platform is booted you will see the following:
Fastboot entered...
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On Host Machine
locate fastboot in you android filesystem
cd $mydroid/out/host/linux-x86/bin/fastboot
Search for fastboot devices
fastboot devices
Create GPT table on eMMC/SD card
fastboot oem format
From the android build these are the binaries that go into each partition:
Sector# Size Name Binary 256 128K xloader MLO 512 256K bootloader u-boot.bin 2048 8M recovery recovery.img 18432 8M boot boot.img 34816 512M system system.img 1083392 256M cache cache.img 1607680 512M userdata userdata.img 2656256 2183M media none
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File locations
- MLO --> x-loader/MLO
- u-boot --> u-boot/u-boot.bin
- boot.img --> need to create using zImage + ramdisk.img
- recovery.img ---> need to create using zImage + ramdisk-recovery.img
- system.img --> $mydroid/out/target/product/<platform>/system.img
- cache.img -->
- userdata.img --> $mydroid/out/target/product/<platform>/userdata.img
All these partitions can be flashed with the given binary using fastboot.
fastboot flash <name> <binary>
Example flashing of all partitions
fastboot flash xloader MLO fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin fastboot flash recovery recovery.img fastboot flash boot boot.img fastboot flash system system.img fastboot flash cache cache.img fastboot flash userdata userdata.img
[edit]Modifying .IMG Files
Typically when you want to modify any of the partitions, you would need to unzip-modify-rezip and then fastboot flash.
Following section talks about how to do that for each partition
BOOT.IMG
boot.img = zImage + ramdisk.img zImage = kernel image ramdisk.img = out/target/product/blaze/root/ %./out/host/linux-x86/bin/mkbootimg --kernel zImage --ramdisk ramdisk.img --base 0x80000000 --cmdline "console=ttyO2,115200n8 mem=456M@0x80000000 mem=512M@0xA0000000 init=/init vram=10M omapfb.vram=0:4M androidboot.console=ttyO2" --board omap4 -o boot.img.new Output: boot.img.new **Note: bootarg is passed to kernel via --cmdline option above **Note:For Pandaboard ES,--cmdline should be mmodified as "console=ttyO2,115200n8 mem=456M@0x80000000 mem=512M@0xA0000000 init=/init vram=32M omapfb.vram=0:16M androidboot.console=ttyO2"
To "just" boot boot.img (before flashing) you can use:
%fastboot boot boot.img
RAMDISK.IMG
%mkdir root %cd root %gunzip -c ../ramdisk.img | cpio -i <make changes to root/ contents...> %./out/host/linux-x86/bin/mkbootfs root/ | ./out/host/linux-x86/bin/minigzip >ramdisk.img.new #output: ramdisk.img.new ** Note: any init.rc changes will need to use this method
RECOVERY.IMG
Is just like boot.img. recovery.img = zImage + ramdisk-recovery.img *Follow the same steps as boot.img for packing/unpacking
SYSTEM.IMG
#uncompress %./out/host/linux-x86/bin/simg2img system.img system.img.raw #mount to directory mnt-point/ %mkdir mnt-point %sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop system.img.raw mnt-point/ #modify any .so or apk in the mnt-point/ directory #rezip %sudo out/host/linux-x86/bin/make_ext4fs -s -l 512M -a system system.img.new mnt-point/ %sudo umount mnt-point/ Output: system.img.new
Instead of having to reflash the whole big system.img, one can selective update any binary in /system folder on running target
%adb remount %adb push <local> <remote> Eg: %adb remount %adb push out/target/product/blaze/obj/lib/overlay.omap4.so /system/lib/hw/overlay.omap4.so %adb sync
USERDATA.IMG
#uncompress %./out/host/linux-x86/bin/simg2img userdata.img userdata.img.raw #mount to directory mnt-point/ %mkdir mnt-point %sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop userdata.img.raw mnt-point/ #modify any .so or apk in the mnt-point/ directory #rezip #%sudo ./out/host/linux-x86/bin/make_ext4fs -s -l 512M -a userdata userdata.img.new mnt-point/ # Above command won't work on GB/HC. For GB/HC, please use the following updated command %sudo ./out/host/linux-x86/bin/make_ext4fs -s -l 512M -a data userdata.img.new mnt-point/ %sudo umount mnt-point/ Output: userdata.img.new
CACHE.IMG
#This is empty ext4 fs image %mkdir mnt-point/ %sudo ./make_ext4fs -s -l 256M -a cache cache.img mnt-point/ Output: cache.img
[edit]TI Android build setup
Copy kernel zImage, u-boot.bin and MLO for your board in folder device/ti/blaze/boot/.
Rename as:
%mv MLO MLO_es2.2_emu or %mv MLO MLO_es2.2_gp (based on your board being GP or EMU)
Next start standard android build and all img files are generated in:
out/target/product/blaze/*.img
A script is introduced in TI Android release to make this flashing process easier: device/ti/blaze/boot/fastboot.sh
Usage: cd device/ti/blaze/boot/ %fastboot.sh --emu or %fastboot.sh --gp
Running this script will flash whole android system on your board.
http://omappedia.org/wiki/Android_eMMC_Booting#Modifying_.IMG_Files
inux下 解包/打包 Android 映像文件 system.img, boot.img, ramdisk.img, userdata.img.
Linux下 解包/打包 Android 映像文件 system.img, boot.img, ramdisk.img, userdata.img.
2014年10月20日 ⁄ 计算机视觉 ⁄ 共 1372字⁄ ⁄ 暂无评论
转自: http://blog.csdn.net/yulix/article/details/12968705
Android源码编译成功后会输出映像文件:system.img,boot.img, ramdisk.img,userdata.img等等。有时我们需要修改里面的内容,下面列出在Linux下如何解包/打包这些映像文件。
ramdisk.img
ramdisk.img是经cpio打包、并用gzip压缩的文件。
解包: 新建一个工作目录,把当前目录更改为该工作目录,执行下面命令(注意: img文件位置可能不同).
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- gunzip -c $HOME/img/ramdisk.img | cpio -i
打包:在工作目录下,把该目录下的所有内容打包
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- find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip > ../newramdisk.img
参考文档: http://android-dls.com/wiki/index.php?title=HOWTO:_Unpack%2C_Edit%2C_and_Re-Pack_Boot_Images
boot.img
boot.img包含2K字节头部,后面跟着的是zImage格式内核和和ramdisk格式的根文件系统。
解包工具: Android自带的unpackbootimg,以及一些脚本工具比如split_bootimg.pl
打包工具: Android自带的mkbootimg。
参考资料 :
中文请看: http://blog.csdn.net/wh_19910525/article/details/8200372
英文请看: http://android-dls.com/wiki/index.php?title=HOWTO:_Unpack%2C_Edit%2C_and_Re-Pack_Boot_Images
system.img (EXT4)
system.img 是 sparse image格式文件,现有的mount命令无法直接处理。
我们得把sparse image格式转变为普通的img格式,Android源码中带的ext4_utils可以做这个,没有Android源码也不用担心,该工具的源代码已被剥离出来,可以自行下载编译,地址是:http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1081239
我们得到工具有: simg2img,make_ext4fs等等:
解包:
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- simg2img system.img system.img.ext4
- mkdir mnt_dir
- sudo mount -t ext4 -o loop system.img.ext4 mnt_dir
打包:
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- sudo make_ext4fs -s -l 512M -a system system_new.img mnt_dir
注意:在我的机器上必须用root权限执行make_ext4fs,否则新生成的image文件无法使用。
userdata.img (EXT4)
和system.img(EXT4) 一样处理
( file_context_open: Error getting file context handle (No such file or directory)
No such file or directory )
参考下面链接:
the problem is that this version requires a file_contexts file. This can be extracted from boot.img. The filename is file_contexts
1. extract boot.img (i used AndroidImageKitchen for this)
2. call make_ext4fs with -S parameter
i.e.
Code:
make_ext4fs -l -s 2690M -a system -S <PATH_TO_FILE_CONTEXTS_FILE> system.img.ext4 <WHEREEVER_YOU_MOUNTED_SYSTEM_TO>
btw: the name of the mountpoint doesnt matter. So calling your mountpoint sys was no problem
If you have extracted boot.img the file_contexts-file should be located in the ramdisk folder.
Don't panic if there is no such file. In this case you just have to use an earlier version of make_ext4fs.
The file_contexts file is used by versions of android which use SELinux. I only found this on android versions >= 4.3.
所以最终的命令是:
./make_ext4fs -s -l 550M -a system -S ./file_contexts system_new.img mnt_dir
make_ext4fs [ -l <len> ] [ -j <journal size> ] [ -b <block_size> ]
[ -g <blocks per group> ] [ -i <inodes> ] [ -I <inode size> ]
[ -L <label> ] [ -f ] [ -a <android mountpoint> ]
[ -S file_contexts ]
[ -z | -s ] [ -w ] [ -c ] [ -J ] [ -v ]
<filename> [<directory>]
参数解析
#make_ext4fs -s -l 512M -a root -L linux ./rootfs_qt.img ./root
执行之后即会将root文件打包成 rootfs_qt.img 文件系统镜像。
-l 512M"是分区大小,i9100的system分区是512M;
-s就是生成ext4的S模式制作;
-s 就是生成ext4的S模式制作;
-l 512M 是分区大小;
-a root 是指这个img用于Linux系统(若为-a system即表示为android系统,挂载点即是/system。使用这个参数,make_ext4fs会根据private/android_filesystem_config.h里定义好的权限来给文件夹里的所有文件重新设置权限,如果你刷机以后发现有文件权限不对,可以手工修改android_filesystem_config.h来添加权限,重新编译make_ext4fs,也可以不使用 “-a system”参数,这样就会使用文件的默认权限)。
./rootfs_qt.img 表示在当前目录下生成镜像文件。
./root 指定源路径