android BitmapFactory的OutOfMemoryError: bitmap ...

原文地址：http://my.oschina.net/jeffzhao/blog/80900

网上有很多解决android加载bitmap内存溢出的方法，搜了一圈做下整理总结。项目里需求是拍摄多图之后上传，部分手机会内存溢出。

常用一种解决方法：即将载入的图片缩小，这种方式以牺牲图片的质量为代价。在BitmapFactory中有一个内部类BitmapFactory.Options，其中当options.inSampleSize值>1时，根据文档：

If set to a value > 1, requests the decoder to subsample the original image, returning a smaller image to save memory. (1 -> decodes full size; 2 -> decodes 1/4th size; 4 -> decode 1/16th size). Because you rarely need to show and have full size bitmap images on your phone. For manipulations smaller sizes are usually enough.
options.inSampleSize是以2的指数的倒数被进行放缩

现在问题是怎么确定inSampleSize的值？每张图片的放缩大小的比例应该是不一样的！这样的话就要运行时动态确定。在BitmapFactory.Options中提供了另一个成员inJustDecodeBounds。
设置inJustDecodeBounds为true后，decodeFile并不分配空间，但可计算出原始图片的长度和宽度，即opts.width和opts.height。有了这两个参数，再通过一定的算法，即可得到一个恰当的inSampleSize。Android提供了一种动态计算的方法，见computeSampleSize().

01	public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,

02	int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {

03	int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength,

04	maxNumOfPixels);

05

06	int roundedSize;

07	if (initialSize <= 8) {

08	roundedSize = 1;

09	while (roundedSize < initialSize) {

10	roundedSize <<= 1;

11

}

12

} else {

13	roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;

14

}

15

16	return roundedSize;

17

}

18

19	private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,

20	int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {

21	double w = options.outWidth;

22	double h = options.outHeight;

23

24	int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 :

25	(int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));

26	int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 :

27	(int) Math.min(Math.floor(w / minSideLength),

28	Math.floor(h / minSideLength));

29

30	if (upperBound < lowerBound) {

31	return lowerBound;

32

}

33

34	if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) &&

35	(minSideLength == -1)) {

36

return 1;

37	} else if (minSideLength == -1) {

38	return lowerBound;

39

} else {

40	return upperBound;

41

}

42

}

以上只做为参考，我们只要用这函数即可，opts.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(opts, -1, 128*128);




要点：
1、用decodeFileDescriptor()来生成bimap比decodeFile()省内存

1	FileInputStream is = = new FileInputStream(path);

2	bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(is.getFD(), null, opts);

替换

1	Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile, opts);

2	imageView.setImageBitmap(bmp);

 

原因：
查看BitmapFactory的源码，对比一下两者的实现，可以发现decodeFile()最终是以流的方式生成bitmap 

decodeFile源码：

01	public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) {

02	Bitmap bm = null;

03	InputStream stream = null;

04

try {

05	stream = new FileInputStream(pathName);

06	bm = decodeStream(stream, null, opts);

07	} catch (Exception e) {

08	/*  do nothing.

09	If the exception happened on open, bm will be null.

10

*/

11	} finally {

12	if (stream != null) {

13

try {

14	stream.close();

15	} catch (IOException e) {

16	// do nothing here

17

}

18

}

19

}

20	return bm;

21

}

 

decodeFileDescriptor的源码，可以找到native本地方法decodeFileDescriptor，通过底层生成bitmap

decodeFileDescriptor源码：

01	public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, Rect outPadding, Options opts) {

02	if (nativeIsSeekable(fd)) {

03	Bitmap bm = nativeDecodeFileDescriptor(fd, outPadding, opts);

04	if (bm == null && opts != null && opts.inBitmap != null) {

05	throw new IllegalArgumentException("Problem decoding into existing bitmap");

06

}

07	return finishDecode(bm, outPadding, opts);

08

} else {

09	FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fd);

10

try {

11	return decodeStream(fis, outPadding, opts);

12	} finally {

13

try {

14	fis.close();

15	} catch (Throwable t) {/* ignore */}

16

}

17

}

18

}

19

20	private static native Bitmap nativeDecodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd,Rect padding, Options opts);

2、当在android设备中载入较大图片资源时，可以创建一些临时空间，将载入的资源载入到临时空间中。

1	opts.inTempStorage = new byte[16 * 1024];

?

 

 

完整代码：

01	public static OutputStream decodeBitmap(String path) {

02

03	BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();

04	opts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;// 设置成了true,不占用内存，只获取bitmap宽高

05	BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, opts);

06	opts.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(opts, -1, 1024 * 800);

07

08	opts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;// 这里一定要将其设置回false，因为之前我们将其设置成了true

09	opts.inPurgeable = true;

10	opts.inInputShareable = true;

11	opts.inDither = false;

12	opts.inPurgeable = true;

13	opts.inTempStorage = new byte[16 * 1024];

14	FileInputStream is = null;

15	Bitmap bmp = null;

16	InputStream ins = null;

17	ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

18

try {

19	is = new FileInputStream(path);

20	bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(is.getFD(), null, opts);           double scale = getScaling(opts.outWidth * opts.outHeight, 1024 * 600);

21	Bitmap bmp2 = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bmp,

22	(int) (opts.outWidth * scale),

23	(int) (opts.outHeight * scale), true);

24	bmp.recycle();

25	baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

26	bmp2.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);

27	bmp2.recycle();

28	return baos;

29	} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

30	e.printStackTrace();

31	} catch (IOException e) {

32	e.printStackTrace();

33	} finally {

34

try {

35	is.close();

36	ins.close();

37	baos.close();

38	} catch (IOException e) {

39	e.printStackTrace();

40

}

41	System.gc();

42

}

43	return baos;

44

}

45

46	private static double getScaling(int src, int des) {

47

/**

48	* 目标尺寸÷原尺寸 sqrt开方，得出宽高百分比

49

*/

50	double scale = Math.sqrt((double) des / (double) src);

51	return scale;

52

}