一、简介
OTA(Over-the-Air Technology )空中下载技术,通过远程网络为设备更新或者升级,本质就是把固件通过WiFi、蓝牙、4G、5G、网线等写到MCU flash里面,最终实现升级。
二、原理
1.终端设备发送需要升级的固件;
2.MCU接收来自终端设备的固件,并写到flash里面;
3.修改引导程序,下次复位启动当前更新的程序。
三、需要配置
ESP32 OTA升级需要配置分区表,可以自定义分区表也可以使用官方配置的分区表。
本文使用官方配置的分区表,操作步骤如下(ESP-IDF 4.4 PowerShell):
1.进入工程目录
2.执行idf.py menucofig命令
3.配置一下芯片flash大小(根据对应的芯片选择)
4.改成4MB
5.选择分区表
6.选择,一个出厂程序,两个ota程序
7.q退出y保存,配置完成。
四、程序编写
ESP32-OTA源文件
#include "bsp_ota.h"
#include "crc16.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
static const char *TAG = "uart_ota";
uint8_t ota_table[2] = {0x0a,0x0a};
static void UART_OTA_Task(void *arg);
void UART_Init(uint32_t baud)
{
const uart_config_t uart_config = {
.baud_rate = baud,
.data_bits = UART_DATA_8_BITS,
.parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE,
.stop_bits = UART_STOP_BITS_1,
.flow_ctrl = UART_HW_FLOWCTRL_DISABLE,
.source_clk = UART_SCLK_APB,
};
uart_driver_install(UART_NUM,UART_BUFFER_SIZE,UART_BUFFER_SIZE,0,NULL,0);
uart_param_config(UART_NUM,&uart_config);
uart_set_pin(UART_NUM,UART_TX,UART_RX,UART_PIN_NO_CHANGE,UART_PIN_NO_CHANGE);
}
void UART_OTA_Init(void)
{
UART_Init(460800);
xTaskCreate(UART_OTA_Task,"UART_OTA_Task",1024 * 6,NULL,3,NULL);
}
static void OTA_Ack(uint8_t ota_ack)
{
ota_table[0] = ota_ack;
uart_write_bytes(UART_NUM,ota_table,2);
}
static void UART_OTA_Task(void *arg)
{
uint8_t ota_state = 0;
uint32_t rx_len = 0;
uint16_t crc_value = 0;
uint32_t ota_timeout = 0;
uint32_t binary_file_length = 0;
uint8_t* uart_rx_buf = (uint8_t*) malloc(UART_BUFFER_SIZE);
esp_err_t err = ESP_OK;
esp_ota_handle_t update_handle = 0;
const esp_partition_t *update_partition = NULL;
update_partition = esp_ota_get_next_update_partition(NULL); //获取下一个OTA更新的区域
err = esp_ota_begin(update_partition,OTA_SIZE_UNKNOWN, &update_handle); //安装OTA升级
if(err != ESP_OK)
{
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ota_begin failed!");
}
bzero(uart_rx_buf,UART_BUFFER_SIZE);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "esp_ota_begin ok!");
while(1)
{
rx_len = uart_read_bytes(UART_NUM,uart_rx_buf,UART_BUFFER_SIZE,1000 / portTICK_RATE_MS); //接收数据
if(rx_len > 0)
{
if(ota_state == OTA_UPGRADE_READY)
{
if(uart_rx_buf[0] == 0x55 && uart_rx_buf[1] == 0x66)
{
crc_value = crc16(uart_rx_buf,rx_len - 2);
if((crc_value & 0xff) == uart_rx_buf[rx_len - 2] && (crc_value >> 8) == uart_rx_buf[rx_len - 1])
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_DATA_CRC_OK);
err = esp_ota_write(update_handle, (const void *)uart_rx_buf + 2,rx_len - 4); //往flash写入数据
if (err != ESP_OK)
{
ESP_LOGE(TAG,"Error: esp_ota_write failed! err = 0x%x", err);
esp_restart();
}
binary_file_length += rx_len - 4;
ota_timeout = 0;
}
else
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_DATA_CRC_ERR);
}
}
else if(strstr((char*)uart_rx_buf,"finish") != NULL) //OTA写结束
{
if(esp_ota_end(update_handle) != ESP_OK)
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_DATA_CRC_ERR);
ESP_LOGE(TAG,"esp_ota_end failed!");
}
else
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_WRITE_FINISH);
err = esp_ota_set_boot_partition(update_partition);
if(err != ESP_OK)
{
ESP_LOGE(TAG,"esp_ota_set_boot_partition failed! err=0x%x",err);
}
}
esp_restart();
}
}
else if(strstr((char*)uart_rx_buf,"download:") != NULL) //收到下载命令,开始进入下载状态
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_UPGRADE_READY);
ota_state = OTA_UPGRADE_READY;
}
uart_flush_input(UART_NUM);
bzero(uart_rx_buf,UART_BUFFER_SIZE);
}
else if(ota_state == OTA_UPGRADE_READY)
{
ota_timeout++;
if(ota_timeout >= 60) //下载超时,复位单片机
{
OTA_Ack(OTA_WRITE_TIMEOUT);
ESP_LOGI(TAG,"uart ota timeout\n");
esp_restart();
}
}
}
free(uart_rx_buf); //释放内存
}
ESP32-OTA头文件
#ifndef _BSP_OTA_H_
#define _BSP_OTA_H_
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "esp_ota_ops.h"
#include "driver/uart.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h"
#define UART_BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 4 + 4)
#define UART_NUM UART_NUM_1
#define UART_TX GPIO_NUM_6
#define UART_RX GPIO_NUM_7
#define OTA_UPGRADE_READY 0x05
#define OTA_DATA_CRC_ERR 0x06
#define OTA_DATA_CRC_OK 0x07
#define OTA_WRITE_TIMEOUT 0x08
#define OTA_WRITE_FINISH 0x09
void UART_OTA_Init(void);
#endif
LINUX串口应用程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
// gcc download.c -o download -pthread //编译
// ./download /dev/ttyUSB0 app_main.bin //执行
// aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc espdownload.c -o espdownload -pthread
#define MAX (1024 * 2 + 4)
int firmware_size;
static sem_t sem_handler;
#define OTA_UPGRADE_READY 0x05
#define OTA_DATA_CRC_ERR 0x06
#define OTA_DATA_CRC_OK 0x07
#define OTA_WRITE_TIMEOUT 0x08
#define OTA_WRITE_FINISH 0x09
static unsigned short const crc16_table[] = {
0x0000, 0xC0C1, 0xC181, 0x0140, 0xC301, 0x03C0, 0x0280, 0xC241,
0xC601, 0x06C0, 0x0780, 0xC741, 0x0500, 0xC5C1, 0xC481, 0x0440,
0xCC01, 0x0CC0, 0x0D80, 0xCD41, 0x0F00, 0xCFC1, 0xCE81, 0x0E40,
0x0A00, 0xCAC1, 0xCB81, 0x0B40, 0xC901, 0x09C0, 0x0880, 0xC841,
0xD801, 0x18C0, 0x1980, 0xD941, 0x1B00, 0xDBC1, 0xDA81, 0x1A40,
0x1E00, 0xDEC1, 0xDF81, 0x1F40, 0xDD01, 0x1DC0, 0x1C80, 0xDC41,
0x1400, 0xD4C1, 0xD581, 0x1540, 0xD701, 0x17C0, 0x1680, 0xD641,
0xD201, 0x12C0, 0x1380, 0xD341, 0x1100, 0xD1C1, 0xD081, 0x1040,
0xF001, 0x30C0, 0x3180, 0xF141, 0x3300, 0xF3C1, 0xF281, 0x3240,
0x3600, 0xF6C1, 0xF781, 0x3740, 0xF501, 0x35C0, 0x3480, 0xF441,
0x3C00, 0xFCC1, 0xFD81, 0x3D40, 0xFF01, 0x3FC0, 0x3E80, 0xFE41,
0xFA01, 0x3AC0, 0x3B80, 0xFB41, 0x3900, 0xF9C1, 0xF881, 0x3840,
0x2800, 0xE8C1, 0xE981, 0x2940, 0xEB01, 0x2BC0, 0x2A80, 0xEA41,
0xEE01, 0x2EC0, 0x2F80, 0xEF41, 0x2D00, 0xEDC1, 0xEC81, 0x2C40,
0xE401, 0x24C0, 0x2580, 0xE541, 0x2700, 0xE7C1, 0xE681, 0x2640,
0x2200, 0xE2C1, 0xE381, 0x2340, 0xE101, 0x21C0, 0x2080, 0xE041,
0xA001, 0x60C0, 0x6180, 0xA141, 0x6300, 0xA3C1, 0xA281, 0x6240,
0x6600, 0xA6C1, 0xA781, 0x6740, 0xA501, 0x65C0, 0x6480, 0xA441,
0x6C00, 0xACC1, 0xAD81, 0x6D40, 0xAF01, 0x6FC0, 0x6E80, 0xAE41,
0xAA01, 0x6AC0, 0x6B80, 0xAB41, 0x6900, 0xA9C1, 0xA881, 0x6840,
0x7800, 0xB8C1, 0xB981, 0x7940, 0xBB01, 0x7BC0, 0x7A80, 0xBA41,
0xBE01, 0x7EC0, 0x7F80, 0xBF41, 0x7D00, 0xBDC1, 0xBC81, 0x7C40,
0xB401, 0x74C0, 0x7580, 0xB541, 0x7700, 0xB7C1, 0xB681, 0x7640,
0x7200, 0xB2C1, 0xB381, 0x7340, 0xB101, 0x71C0, 0x7080, 0xB041,
0x5000, 0x90C1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53C0, 0x5280, 0x9241,
0x9601, 0x56C0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95C1, 0x9481, 0x5440,
0x9C01, 0x5CC0, 0x5D80, 0x9D41, 0x5F00, 0x9FC1, 0x9E81, 0x5E40,
0x5A00, 0x9AC1, 0x9B81, 0x5B40, 0x9901, 0x59C0, 0x5880, 0x9841,
0x8801, 0x48C0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4B00, 0x8BC1, 0x8A81, 0x4A40,
0x4E00, 0x8EC1, 0x8F81, 0x4F40, 0x8D01, 0x4DC0, 0x4C80, 0x8C41,
0x4400, 0x84C1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47C0, 0x4680, 0x8641,
0x8201, 0x42C0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81C1, 0x8081, 0x4040
};
//查表法,低位在前
unsigned short crc16(unsigned char *pBuffer, unsigned short usDataLen)
{
unsigned short i = 0;
unsigned short uIndex = 0;
unsigned short uCRC16 = 0xffff;
for(i = 0;i < usDataLen;i++)
{
uIndex = ((uCRC16 & 0xff) ^ (pBuffer[i] & 0xff));
uCRC16 = ((uCRC16 >> 8) & 0xff) ^ crc16_table[uIndex];
}
return (uCRC16 >> 8)|(uCRC16 << 8);
}
int uart_init(const char *dev_path)
{
int ret;
int tty_fd;
struct termios options;
tty_fd = open(dev_path,O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY) ; //打开串口
if(tty_fd < 0)
{
//perror("open error");
return -1;
}
memset(&options,0,sizeof(options)) ;
ret = tcgetattr(tty_fd,&options); //获取原有的串口属性的配置
if(ret != 0)
{
perror("tcgetattr error") ;
return -1;
}
options.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL|CREAD ); //CREAD 开启串行数据接收,CLOCAL并打开本地连接模式
options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE; //先使用CSIZE做位屏蔽
options.c_cflag |= CS8; //设置8位数据位
options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB; //无校验位
options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; //设置一位停止位
options.c_oflag &= ~OPOST; //解决发送数据中有OA = 0D 0A的问题
options.c_cc[VMIN] = 0; //非规范模式读取时的最小字符数
cfsetispeed(&options,B460800); //设置波特率
cfsetospeed(&options,B460800);
tcflush(tty_fd,TCIOFLUSH); //清空输入输出缓存
tcsetattr(tty_fd,TCSANOW,&options); //设置终端控制属性,TCSANOW:不等数据传输完毕就立即改变属性
if((tcsetattr(tty_fd,TCSANOW,&options)) != 0)
{
perror("tcsetattr error");
return -1;
}
return tty_fd;
}
int uart_write(int tty_fd,char *wbuf,int wbuf_size)
{
//printf("write:%s size:%d\n",wbuf,wbuf_size);
int len = write(tty_fd,wbuf,wbuf_size);
if(len < 0)
{
//perror("write serial fail\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int uart_read(int tty_fd,char *rbuf,int rbuf_size)
{
int len = read(tty_fd,rbuf,rbuf_size);
if(len < 0)
{
//perror("read serial fail\n");
return -1;
}
}
void *read_usart_pthread(void *arg)
{
int rx_len = 0;
int timeout = 0;
char rx_buff[MAX] = {0};
float bar_value = 0; //进度值
int send_count = firmware_size / (MAX - 4); //需要发送次数
float value = 1.0 / send_count * 100 ; //进度条比例,发送一次的值
while(1)
{
rx_len = read(*(int*)arg,rx_buff,sizeof(rx_buff));
if(rx_len > 0)
{
switch(rx_buff[0])
{
case OTA_UPGRADE_READY:
{
timeout = 0;
bar_value = 0;
printf("\nesp32 ota ready\n");
printf(">>>");
sem_post(&sem_handler);
}break;
case OTA_DATA_CRC_ERR:
{
printf("\ndata crc error!\n");
printf("esp32 firmware write error!\n");
return (void*)0;
}break;
case OTA_DATA_CRC_OK:
{
timeout = 0;
bar_value += value;
if(bar_value <= 99.9)
{
printf("\b\b\b>>>>>"); //'\b'把前面输出的覆盖
printf("%.0f%%",bar_value);
}
fflush(stdout); //清空缓冲区
}break;
case OTA_WRITE_FINISH:
{
printf("\b\b\b\b>>>>>"); //'\b'把前面输出的覆盖
printf("100%%\n");
return (void*)0;
}break;
case OTA_WRITE_TIMEOUT:
{
printf("esp32 firmware write timeout\n");
return (void*)0;
}break;
default:
{
printf(".");
fflush(stdout); //把数据从缓冲区输出到窗口
}break;
}
}
else
{
timeout++;
if(timeout >= 1000 * 30)
{
printf("\nconnect espdownload timeout!\n");
system("killall download");
}
usleep(1000);
}
memset(rx_buff,0,sizeof(rx_buff));
}
return (void*)0;
}
void printf_help_info(char *argv[])
{
printf ("\t%s -h: Print this help message\n", argv[0]);
printf ("\t%s <serial port> <firmware bin>\n", argv[0]);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int ret;
int file_fd;
int tty_fd;
struct stat stat_buf;
char buff[MAX] = {0};
char temp[20] = {0};
char file_path[80] = {0};
char dev_path[30] = "/dev/ttyS0";
unsigned short crc;
pthread_t tid;
sem_init(&sem_handler,0,0); //创建一个线程间的信号量
if(argc > 2)
{
strcpy(dev_path,argv[1]);
strcpy(file_path,argv[2]);
}
else
{
printf_help_info(argv);
}
printf("esp32 firmware version:%s\n",argv[2]);
file_fd = open(file_path,O_RDONLY); //以只读的方式打开文件
if(file_fd < 0)
{
perror("open file error");
return file_fd;
}
memset(&stat_buf,0,sizeof(stat_buf));
ret = fstat(file_fd, &stat_buf); //获取文件信息
if(ret < 0)
{
perror("fstat file error");
goto clean;
}
printf("esp32 firmware size:%ld bytes\n",stat_buf.st_size);
firmware_size = stat_buf.st_size;
if(stat_buf.st_size <= 0)
{
perror("file szie error");
goto clean;
}
tty_fd = uart_init(dev_path);
if(tty_fd < 0)
{
printf("open %s error\n",dev_path);
goto clean;
}
ret = pthread_create(&tid,NULL,read_usart_pthread,(void*)&tty_fd);
if(ret)
{
perror("pthread_create error");
goto clean;
}
printf("wait esp32 connecting\n");
sprintf(temp,"download:%ld",stat_buf.st_size);
write(tty_fd,temp,sizeof(temp)); //发送下载请求 + 固件大小
sem_wait(&sem_handler); //堵塞等待信号量
tcflush(tty_fd,TCIOFLUSH);
usleep(1000 * 1500);
uart_read(tty_fd,buff,sizeof(buff));
memset(buff,0,MAX);
while(1)
{
buff[0] = 0x55;
buff[1] = 0x66;
ret = read(file_fd,buff + 2,MAX - 4);
if(ret <= 0)
{
break;
}
crc = crc16(buff,ret + 2);
buff[ret + 2] = crc & 0xff;
buff[ret + 3] = crc >> 8;
ret = write(tty_fd,buff,ret + 4);
memset(buff,0,MAX);
usleep(1000 * 200);
}
sleep(1);
write(tty_fd,"finish",sizeof("finish"));
pthread_join(tid,NULL);
sem_destroy(&sem_handler);
printf("esp32 firmware programming to %s completed\n",dev_path);
clean:
close(file_fd);
close(tty_fd);
return 0;
}
五、验证
1.接线:CH340-TX 接 ESP32-S2 RX(GPIO7) CH340-RX 接 ESP32-S2 TX(GPIO6);
2.编译下载
3.把文件放到虚拟机
4.编译、执行
六、总结
下载验证都很稳定,代码中的应答还可以优化一下。
工程源码,提取码:0j9d:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_YzpTuUPCYcDhP1rWgeHlQ?pwd=0j9dhttps://pan.baidu.com/s/1_YzpTuUPCYcDhP1rWgeHlQ?pwd=0j9d