Java 自定义注解例子

在这篇文章中，我将展示怎么创建两个自定义的注解-@Test和TestInfo，来模拟一件的单元测试的框架

补充：这个单元测试的例子是受官方文档的启发。这篇。

@Test注解

这个@interface标志Java这是一个自定义的标签，然后你可以在方法上像@Test（enable=false）这样添加注解

package com.mkyong.test.core;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //只能在方法上使用
public @interface Test {
	
	//should ignore this test?
	public boolean enabled() default true;
	
}

注意：方法的声明不能有任何参数或者抛出异常，返回值的类型要限制在原始值，String、Class、enums、annotations和数组类型

@TesterInfo注解

这个@TesterInfo是应用在类层面上的，存储测试类的细节，这展示了enum、array和String不同返回值的用法

package com.mkyong.test.core;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //类级别
public @interface TesterInfo {

	public enum Priority {
	   LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH
	}

	Priority priority() default Priority.MEDIUM;
	
	String[] tags() default "";
	
	String createdBy() default "Mkyong";
	
	String lastModified() default "03/01/2014";

}

单元测试的例子

创建一个单元测试的例子，使用新自定义的注解@Test和@TesterInfo注解这个例子

package com.mkyong.test;

import com.mkyong.test.core.Test;
import com.mkyong.test.core.TesterInfo;
import com.mkyong.test.core.TesterInfo.Priority;

@TesterInfo(
	priority = Priority.HIGH, 
	createdBy = "mkyong.com",  
	tags = {"sales","test" }
)
public class TestExample {

	@Test
	void testA() {
	  if (true)
		throw new RuntimeException("This test always failed");
	}

	@Test(enabled = false)
	void testB() {
	  if (false)
		throw new RuntimeException("This test always passed");
	}

	@Test(enabled = true)
	void testC() {
	  if (10 > 1) {
		// do nothing, this test always passed.
	  }
	}

}

Java反射，读取这个注解

下边这个例子展示怎么使用Java反射读取和处理自定义的注解

package com.mkyong.test;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import com.mkyong.test.core.Test;
import com.mkyong.test.core.TesterInfo;

public class RunTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

	System.out.println("Testing...");

	int passed = 0, failed = 0, count = 0, ignore = 0;

	Class<TestExample> obj = TestExample.class;

	// Process @TesterInfo
	if (obj.isAnnotationPresent(TesterInfo.class)) {

		Annotation annotation = obj.getAnnotation(TesterInfo.class);
		TesterInfo testerInfo = (TesterInfo) annotation;

		System.out.printf("%nPriority :%s", testerInfo.priority());
		System.out.printf("%nCreatedBy :%s", testerInfo.createdBy());
		System.out.printf("%nTags :");

		int tagLength = testerInfo.tags().length;
		for (String tag : testerInfo.tags()) {
			if (tagLength > 1) {
				System.out.print(tag + ", ");
			} else {
				System.out.print(tag);
			}
			tagLength--;
		}

		System.out.printf("%nLastModified :%s%n%n", testerInfo.lastModified());

	}

	// Process @Test
	for (Method method : obj.getDeclaredMethods()) {

		// if method is annotated with @Test
		if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Test.class)) {

			Annotation annotation = method.getAnnotation(Test.class);
			Test test = (Test) annotation;

			// if enabled = true (default)
			if (test.enabled()) {

			  try {
				method.invoke(obj.newInstance());
				System.out.printf("%s - Test '%s' - passed %n", ++count, method.getName());
				passed++;
			  } catch (Throwable ex) {
				System.out.printf("%s - Test '%s' - failed: %s %n", ++count, method.getName(), ex.getCause());
				failed++;
			  }

			} else {
				System.out.printf("%s - Test '%s' - ignored%n", ++count, method.getName());
				ignore++;
			}

		}

	}
	System.out.printf("%nResult : Total : %d, Passed: %d, Failed %d, Ignore %d%n", count, passed, failed, ignore);

	}
}

输出结果：

Testing...

Priority :HIGH
CreatedBy :mkyong.com
Tags :sales, test
LastModified :03/01/2014

1 - Test 'testA' - failed: java.lang.RuntimeException: This test always failed 
2 - Test 'testC' - passed 
3 - Test 'testB' - ignored

Result : Total : 3, Passed: 1, Failed 1, Ignore 1