cppchecker简单介绍和原理初窥


1. 概述:
c/c++代码静态分析工具,用于检查编译器难以觉察的bug,其设计目标是没有漏报

2. 准确率:
不能包治百病,但配合testing、instrumenting,可以极大减少bug

3. 检查内容:
  • 64位兼容性
  • 自动变量生存周期检查
  • 数组越界检查
  • 类检查,包括缺少构造函数,变量在构造函数中是否初始化及其初始化顺序,基类析构函数是否为虚函数等
  • 异常安全检查
  • IO检查:sprintf、scanf是否检点,使用close了的文件,向只读文件中写数据,对输入流使用fflush等
  • 自动变量内存泄露:检查自动变量被分配但没有被释放
  • 内存泄露:申请的内存地址传递错误,构造器中分配的内存必须在析构器中释放,struct成员指向某个内存时候释放struct也必须释放成员指向的内存
  • 不可重入函数(strtok等)使用警告、废弃函数(bcopy等)使用警告
  • 空指针引用
  其它检查:
  • bool转指针
  • 除零
  • 引用对象提前被析构
  • assert语句内的赋值
  • double free
  • 冗余拷贝const
  • 不兼容指针类型的转换
  • 重复的if
  • 总为真、假的条件
  • sizeof内的计算
  • 自赋值
  • 不可达的死代码
  • etc


设计文档:


cppchecker是一个静态检查工具,并且没有对代码流进行分析,假设所有代码都是可达的,if()的分隔作用被无视。因此,一些难找的bug会被发现,一些本不是bug的内容也可能会给warning,不必惊慌。
if (myvar == NULL)
{
     WARN("wrong");
}
myvar->hello();
myvar可能为NULL会被检测到。
OceanBase用cppchecker跑了一遍,这种NULL的引用基本都被检测到了。cppchecker is a quick learner.









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========= Cppcheck ========= About The original name of this program is "C++check" but it was later changed to "cppcheck". Manual A manual is available online: http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/manual.pdf Compiling Any C++11 compiler should work. For compilers with partial C++11 support it may work. If your compiler has the C++11 features that are available in Visual Studio 2010 then it will work. If nullptr is not supported by your compiler then this can be emulated using the header lib/cxx11emu.h. To build the GUI, you need Qt. When building the command line tool, PCRE is optional. It is used if you build with rules. There are multiple compilation choices: * qmake - cross platform build tool * cmake - cross platform build tool * Windows: Visual Studio * Windows: Qt Creator + mingw * gnu make * g++ 4.6 (or later) * clang++ qmake ===== You can use the gui/gui.pro file to build the GUI. cd gui qmake make Visual Studio ============= Use the cppcheck.sln file. The file is configured for Visual Studio 2013, but the platform toolset can be changed easily to older or newer versions. The solution contains platform targets for both x86 and x64. To compile with rules, select "Release-PCRE" or "Debug-PCRE" configuration. pcre.lib (pcre64.lib for x64 builds) and pcre.h are expected to be in /extlibs then. Qt Creator + mingw ================== The PCRE dll is needed to build the CLI. It can be downloaded here: http://software-download.name/pcre-library-windows/ gnu make ======== Simple build (no dependencies): make The recommended release build is: make SRCDIR=build CFGDIR=cfg HAVE_RULES=yes Flags: SRCDIR=build : Python is used to optimise cppcheck CFGDIR=cfg : Specify folder where .cfg files are found HAVE_RULES=yes : Enable rules (pcre is required if this is used) g++ (for experts) ================= If you just want to build Cppcheck without dependencies then you can use this command: g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++0x -include lib/cxx11emu.h -Iexternals/tinyxml -Ilib cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/tinyxml/*.cpp If you want to use --rule and --rule-file then dependencies are needed: g++ -o cppcheck -std=c++0x -include lib/cxx11emu.h -lpcre -DHAVE_RULES -Ilib -Iexternals/tinyxml cli/*.cpp lib/*.cpp externals/tinyxml/*.cpp mingw ===== The "LDFLAGS=-lshlwapi" is needed when building with mingw mingw32-make LDFLAGS=-lshlwapi other compilers/ide =================== 1. Create a empty project file / makefile. 2. Add all cpp files in the cppcheck cli and lib folders to the project file / makefile. 3. Compile. Cross compiling Win32 (CLI) version of Cppcheck in Linux sudo apt-get install mingw32 make CXX=i586-mingw32msvc-g++ LDFLAGS="-lshlwapi" mv cppcheck cppcheck.exe Webpage http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/

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