Espresso 自动化测试的使用

Espresso 自动化测试使用

Espresso是一个Android UI测试框架，由三部分组成
- ViewMachers：寻找View
- ViewActions: 执行交互事件
- ViewAssertions：检验测试结果

添加加依赖库

android{
  defaultConfig{
    testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
  }
}

dependencies{
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.1.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
    }

• com.android.support:support-annotations是注解库
• com.android.support.test:runner 一个非捆绑的测试运行库
• com.android.support.test:rules 一套使用在AndroidJUnitRunner的规则库
• com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core UI测试的核心库

使用Espresso测试

• #### 测试的UI对象TestActivity
  
  • ##### 布局文件 activity_test.xml

  <LinearLayout
      xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:orientation="vertical">
      <TextView
          android:id="@+id/text"
          android:layout_width="wrap_content"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:text="test"/>
      <Button
          android:id="@+id/btn"
          android:layout_width="wrap_content"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:text="botton"
  </LinearLayout>
  ```
  - ##### TestActivity
```java
  public class TestActivity extends Activity{
      TextView text;
      Button btn;
      public void onCreate(Bundle data){
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
          text = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
          btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
          btn.setOnClickListener(view -> text.setText("finish"));
      }
  }
  ```



- #### 在androidTest文件目录下建一个测试类




<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>

```java
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class UITest{

    //设置初始启动测试Activity，并启动
    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<TestActivity> mActivityRule
    = new ActvitiyTestRule<>(TestActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void testClick(){
        Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btn)).preform(ViewActions.click()).check(ViewAssertions.matches(ViewMatchers.withText("finish")));
    }
}

ActivityTestRule 这个rule是用来测试单个Activity的,Activity将在@Test和@Before前启动

• #### 当你启动的Activity需要带参数时

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class UITest{

    //设置初始启动测试Activity，ActivityTestRule的构造函数的第三个参数是否启动Activity
    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<TestActivity> mActivityRule
    = new ActvitiyTestRule<>(TestActivity.class,false,false);

    @Test
    public void startActivity(){
       Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
       Intent intent = new Intent(context,TestActivity.class);
       intent.putExtra("id",2)；
       mActivityRule.launchActivity(intent);
    }

    @Test
    public void testClick(){
        Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.btn)).perform(ViewActions.click()).check(ViewAssertions.matches(ViewMatchers.withText("finish")));
    }
}

• AdapterView、ListView、GridView 事件测试

  • ListView 的点击事件
    

    //点击指定数据所在的 Item
    Area area = new Area();
    onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(Area.class)),is(area))).perform(click());
    //点击指定位置的 Item
    onData(is(instanceOf(Area.class))).atPosition(position).perform(click());
    //使用自定义匹配数据的方法
    onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(Area.class)),withAreaId("12"))).perform(click());
    //点击特殊的 Item，如这里的 HeadView
    onData(is(instanceOf(Area.class))).onChildView(instanceOf(HeadView.class)).perform(click());

  withAreaId 方法是返回一个自定义的Matcher，后面会讲到Matcher的自定义

• RecyclerView 事件测试

  测试 RecyclerView 需要使用RecyclerViewActions，使用该类需要在build.Gradle文件引入该库

  androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'

  RecyclerViewActions的使用

  //点击ID为recycler的RecyclerView的第2个位置的子View
  onView(withId(R.id.recycler)).perform(RecyclerViewActions.actionOnItemAtPosition(2,click()));
  //以下是RcyclerViewActions的一些Action方法
  //操作匹配的HolderView
  actionOnHolderItem (Matcher<VH> viewHolderMatcher,ViewAction viewAction)
  //操作匹配的Item
  actionOnItem (Matcher<View> itemViewMatcher, ViewAction viewAction)
  //操作指定位置的Item
  actionOnItemAtPosition (int position,ViewAction viewAction)
  //移动到匹配的Item位置
  scrollTo (Matcher<View> itemViewMatcher)
  //移动到匹配的ViewHolder的位置
  scrollToHolder (Matcher<VH> viewHolderMatcher)
  //移动到指定位置
  scrollToPosition (int position)

• 自定义Matcher

  定义前面提到的AdapterView的WithAreaId的Matcher

  public class CustomViewMatchers{
  
    public static Matcher<Object> withAreaId(String id){
  
         public static  Matcher<Object> withAreaId(final String areaId){
            return new BoundedMatcher<Object, Area>(Area.class) {
  
            @Override
            public void describeTo(Description description) {
                description.appendText("this a Matcher as match areaId");
            }
  
            @Override
            protected boolean matchesSafely(Area item) {
                return item.getAreaId().equals(areaId);
            }
            };
        }
    }
  
        public static Matcher<View> withStartText(String startStr){
           return new BaseMatcher<View>() {
               @Override
               public boolean matches(Object item) {
                   TextView text = (TextView) item;
                   return text.getText().toString().startsWith(startStr);
               }
  
               @Override
               public void describeTo(Description description) {
                      description.appendText("this is a Matcher as match head of                        String");
               }
           };
      }
  }

• 自定义ViewAction

  public class CustomViewActions{
  
  
    static final class SeekBarAction implements ViewAction{
        private int progress;
  
        public SeekBarAction(int progress){
            this.progress = progress;
        }
  
        @Override
        public Matcher<View> getConstaints(){
            return allOf(ViewMatchers.isAssignableFrom(SeekBar.class),ViewMatchers.isDisplayed());
        }
  
        @Override
        public String getDescription(){
            return "this is a seek ation with SeekBar";
        }
  
        @Override
        public void perform(UiController uiController,View view){
            SeekBar seekBar = (SeekBar)view;
            seekBar.seekTo(progress);
        }
    }
  }
  

  • #### 异步操作测试
    

  需要自定义 IdlingResouce，看了几篇博客描述的都有问题，建议直接参考Google官方项目 IdlingResourceSample
  后面有时间会补上异步操作的说明

ps:以上是本人对Espress的使用经验，有什么问题可以评论

参考资料：
- https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/
- http://gavinliu.cn/2015/12/30/Android-%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E4%B9%8B-UI-Testing-Espresso/
- https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/
- http://tbfungeek.github.io/2016/07/01/Android-%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95Espreso/
- http://ztzt123.cn/android/2016/08/19/Android%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%92%8CUI%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95.html
- https://developer.android.com/reference