设计模式之建造者模式(四)
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)使用多个简单的对象一步一步构建成一个复杂的对象。这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
一个 Builder 类会一步一步构造最终的对象。该 Builder 类是独立于其他对象的。
建造者的创建步骤:
1.创建一个表示食物条目和食物包装的接口
2.创建实现 Packing 接口的实体类
3.创建实现 Item 接口的抽象类,该类提供了默认的功能
4.创建扩展了 Burger 和 ColdDrink 的实体类
5.创建一个 Meal 类,带有上面定义的 Item 对象
6.创建一个 MealBuilder 类,实际的 builder 类负责创建 Meal 对象
7.使用 MealBuider 来演示建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
步骤一
public interface Item {
public String name();
public Packing packing();
public float price();
}
public interface Packing {
public String pack();
}
步骤二
public class Wrapper implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Wrapper";
}
}
public class Bottle implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Bottle";
}
}
步骤三
public abstract class Burger implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Wrapper();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Bottle();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
步骤四
public class VegBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 25.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Veg Burger";
}
}
public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 50.5f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Chicken Burger";
}
}
public class Coke extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 30.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Coke";
}
}
public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 35.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Pepsi";
}
}
步骤五
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Meal {
private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();
public void addItem(Item item){
items.add(item);
}
public float getCost(){
float cost = 0.0f;
for (Item item : items) {
cost += item.price();
}
return cost;
}
public void showItems(){
for (Item item : items) {
System.out.print("Item : "+item.name());
System.out.print(", Packing : "+item.packing().pack());
System.out.println(", Price : "+item.price());
}
}
}
步骤六
public class MealBuilder {
public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
meal.addItem(new Coke());
return meal;
}
public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
return meal;
}
}
步骤七
public class BuilderPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();
Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
System.out.println("Veg Meal");
vegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +vegMeal.getCost());
Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
nonVegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " +nonVegMeal.getCost());
}
}