空中网4k/5k月薪挑选大四实习生的线程题
两年前,我们一个大四的学员去应聘空中网的实习生职位,空中网只给他出了三道线程题,拿回家做两天后再去给经理讲解,如果前两题做好了给4k月薪,第三道题也做出来的话就给5k的月薪。这样的实习薪水和招聘要求,不需要有工作经验的限制,纯粹是技术功底的比拼和考核,而不像许多其他公司非要招两年工作经验的人,逼得那些刚毕业和未毕业的大学生不得不去撒谎,不得不去做假简历,甚至假毕业证!所以,空中网的这份工作对未毕业的大学生来说,还是很有吸引力的。
*第一题:
现有的程序代码模拟产生了16个日志对象,并且需要运行16秒才能打印完这些日志,请在程序中增加4个线程去调用parseLog()方法来分头打印这16个日志对象,程序只需要运行4秒即可打印完这些日志对象。原始代码如下:
package read;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
//打印一行现在的时间,多少秒:
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
for(int i=0;i<16;i++){ //这行代码不能改动
final String log = ""+(i+1);//这行代码不能改动
{
Test.parseLog(log);
}
}
}
//parseLog方法内部的代码不能改动
public static void parseLog(String log){
//打印log序号+现在的时间(秒)
System.out.println(log+":"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
try {
//休息一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
begin:1400554274
1:1400554274
2:1400554275
3:1400554276
4:1400554277
5:1400554278
6:1400554279
7:1400554280
8:1400554281
9:1400554282
10:1400554283
11:1400554284
12:1400554285
13:1400554286
14:1400554287
15:1400554288
16:1400554289
修改之后:
package read;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
//打印一行现在的时间,多少秒:
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
final BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(16);
for(int i=0;i<16;i++){ //这行代码不能改动
final String log = ""+(i+1);//这行代码不能改动
{
//Test.parseLog(log);
try {
queue.put(log);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
Test.parseLog(queue.take());
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
//parseLog方法内部的代码不能改动
public static void parseLog(String log){
//打印log序号+现在的时间(秒)
System.out.println(log+":"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
try {
//休息一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
begin:1400592551
1:1400592551
2:1400592551
3:1400592551
4:1400592551
5:1400592552
6:1400592552
7:1400592552
8:1400592552
9:1400592553
10:1400592553
11:1400592553
12:1400592553
13:1400592554
15:1400592554
14:1400592554
16:1400592554
package read;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){
//打印一行现在的时间,多少秒:
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
final BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(1);
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
while(true){
Test.parseLog(queue.take());
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
for(int i=0;i<16;i++){ //这行代码不能改动
final String log = ""+(i+1);//这行代码不能改动
{
//Test.parseLog(log);
try {
queue.put(log);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//parseLog方法内部的代码不能改动
public static void parseLog(String log){
//打印log序号+现在的时间(秒)
System.out.println(log+":"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
try {
//休息一秒
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
begin:1400594575
1:1400594575
2:1400594575
3:1400594575
4:1400594575
5:1400594576
6:1400594576
7:1400594576
8:1400594576
9:1400594577
10:1400594577
11:1400594577
12:1400594577
13:1400594578
14:1400594578
15:1400594578
16:1400594578
*第二题:
package queue;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ //这行不能改动
String input = i+""; //这行不能改动
String output = TestDo.doSome(input);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + output);
}
}
}
//不能改动此TestDo类
class TestDo {
public static String doSome(String input){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String output = input + ":"+ (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
return output;
}
}
修改后的代码:
package queue;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
//定义一盏灯。相当于Lock。
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
//一种阻塞队列,其中每个插入操作必须等待另一个线程的对应移除操作。
final SynchronousQueue<String> queue = new SynchronousQueue<String>();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
String input = queue.take();
String output = TestDo.doSome(input);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ":" + output);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
semaphore.release();
}
}
}).start();
}
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ //这行不能改动
String input = i+""; //这行不能改动
try {
queue.put(input);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//不能改动此TestDo类
class TestDo {
public static String doSome(String input){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String output = input + ":"+ (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
return output;
}
}
运行结果:
begin:1400596420
Thread-0:0:1400596421
Thread-1:1:1400596422
Thread-2:2:1400596423
Thread-3:3:1400596424
Thread-4:4:1400596425
Thread-5:5:1400596426
Thread-6:6:1400596427
Thread-7:7:1400596428
Thread-8:8:1400596429
Thread-9:9:1400596430
*第三题:
4:4:1258199615
1:1:1258199615
3:3:1258199615
1:2:1258199615
请修改代码,如果有几个线程调用TestDo.doSome(key, value)方法时,传递进去的key相等(equals比较为true),则这几个线程应互斥排队输出结果,即当有两个线程的key都是"1"时,它们中的一个要比另外其他线程晚1秒输出结果,如下所示:
4:4:1258199615
1:1:1258199615
3:3:1258199615
1:2:1258199616
总之,当每个线程中指定的key相等时,这些相等key的线程应每隔一秒依次输出时间值(要用互斥),如果key不同,则并行执行(相互之间不互斥)。原始代码如下:
package syn;
//不能改动此Test类
public class Test extends Thread{
private TestDo testDo;
private String key;
private String value;
public Test(String key,String key2,String value){
this.testDo = TestDo.getInstance();
/*常量"1"和"1"是同一个对象,下面这行代码就是要用"1"+""的方式产生新的对象,
以实现内容没有改变,仍然相等(都还为"1"),但对象却不再是同一个的效果*/
this.key = key+key2;
this.value = value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
Test a = new Test("1","","1");
Test b = new Test("1","","2");
Test c = new Test("3","","3");
Test d = new Test("4","","4");
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
a.start();
b.start();
c.start();
d.start();
}
public void run(){
testDo.doSome(key, value);
}
}
class TestDo {
private TestDo() {}
private static TestDo _instance = new TestDo();
public static TestDo getInstance() {
return _instance;
}
public void doSome(Object key, String value) {
// 以大括号内的是需要局部同步的代码,不能改动!
{
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(key+":"+value + ":"
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
运行结果:
begin:1400601982
1:1:1400601983
4:4:1400601983
1:2:1400601983
3:3:1400601983
修改之后:
package syn;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
//不能改动此Test类
public class Test extends Thread{
private TestDo testDo;
private String key;
private String value;
public Test(String key,String key2,String value){
this.testDo = TestDo.getInstance();
/*常量"1"和"1"是同一个对象,下面这行代码就是要用"1"+""的方式产生新的对象,
以实现内容没有改变,仍然相等(都还为"1"),但对象却不再是同一个的效果*/
//它是两个变量相加的结果,在运行时候才能知道结果,所以编译器无法把两个"1"识别成为一个对象。
this.key = key+key2;
/*如果是这样写,编译器就会把它们看作是一个对象:
* String a = "1"+"";
* String b = "1"+"";
*/
this.value = value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
Test a = new Test("1","","1");
Test b = new Test("1","","2");
Test c = new Test("3","","3");
Test d = new Test("4","","4");
System.out.println("begin:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()/1000));
a.start();
b.start();
c.start();
d.start();
}
public void run(){
testDo.doSome(key, value);
}
}
class TestDo {
//单例设计模式
private TestDo() {}
private static TestDo _instance = new TestDo();
public static TestDo getInstance() {
return _instance;
}
//new一个支持多线程并发操作的ArrayList,来存放那些key。
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Object> keys = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Object>();
public void doSome(Object key, String value) {
Object obj = key;
//如果集合里没有这个key,就添加到集合里。如果集合里有这个key,就把这个新的对象替换成集合里哪个旧的。
if(!keys.contains(key)){
keys.add(key);
}else{
for(Iterator<Object> it=keys.iterator(); it.hasNext();){
Object o = it.next();
if(o.equals(obj)){
obj = o;
}
}
}
synchronized(obj)
// 以大括号内的是需要局部同步的代码,不能改动!
{
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(key+":"+value + ":"
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//这样相同的key值就不会在同一秒打印了。
//但是排除另外一种极罕见的可能,就是毫秒换算秒的误差。
运行结果:
begin:1400601770
4:4:1400601771
3:3:1400601771
1:1:1400601771
1:2:1400601772