原帖http://blog.csdn.net/andyxhua/archive/2008/01/24/2063784.aspx
StAX:Streaming API for XML ,如同字面意思,是基于流的API,相对于传统的DOM和SAX,StAX在性能和易用性上取得了很好的平衡。StAX是基于SAX的,同样将XML作为一组事件来处理,不过与SAX不同的是,StAX是采用拉(Pull)的方式来处理事件, 允许应用程序从事件流中拉出事件,而不是提供从解析器中接收事件的回调程序程序。
StAX 包括两套处理 XML 的 API,分别提供了不同程度的抽象。一种是基于指针的 API, 提供应用程序把 XML 作为一个标记(或事件)流来处理,这是一种低层 API,效率高,抽象程度低。另一种是较为高级的基于迭代器的 API, 提供应用程序把 XML 作为一系列事件对象来处理,每个对象和应用程序交换 XML 结构的一部分,应用程序直接处理这些代表了XML结构一部分的事件对象。
StAX在JDK6中已经内置了,或许就是以后的标准。
下面以一个简单的例子示范基于指针的API的使用。例子说明:从一个xml结构的订单信息中parse出Java对象,修改这个对象,然后输出为一个xml文件。
一、xml文件内容
<! DOCTYPE po SYSTEM "src/sample.dtd" >
< po id ="po121" submitted ="2001-10-05"
xmlns ="http://www.csdn.net" >
< billTo id ="addr-1" >
< company > The Redzero Cop. </ company >
< street > Jianguo Road 1ST </ street >
< street > Building 1 </ street >
< city > Haidian </ city >
< state > Beijing </ state >
< postalCode > 100071 </ postalCode >
</ billTo >
< shipTo href ="addr-1" />
< order >
< item sku ="o318-BP" quantity ="5" >
< description > J2EE programmic </ description >
</ item >
< item sku ="o947-TI" quantity ="12" >
< description > Java WEB Service </ description >
</ item >
< item sku ="o008-PR" quantity ="133" >
< description > C++ develop </ description >
</ item >
</ order >
</ po >
二、Java对象结构
... {
List items = new ArrayList();
public void addItem(Item item)
...{
items.add(item);
}
@Override
public String toString()
...{
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
buf.append("order ");
for (Iterator itr = items.iterator();itr.hasNext();)
...{
Item item = (Item)itr.next();
buf.append("item ");
buf.append("sku=").append(item.getSku()).append(" ").append("quantity=").append(item.getQuantity()).append(" ")
.append("description=").append(item.getDescription()).append(" ");
}
return buf.toString();
}
}
public class Item
... {
String sku;
int quantity;
String description;
public String getDescription()
...{
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description)
...{
this.description = description;
}
public int getQuantity()
...{
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(int quantity)
...{
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public String getSku()
...{
return sku;
}
public void setSku(String sku)
...{
this.sku = sku;
}
}
三、解析示例,注意代码注释
解析
* 解析XML文档,把数据绑定到Java对象上
* @param in
* @return
*/
public Order parse(InputStream in)
... {
Stack stack = new Stack();
try
...{
//1.得到XMLStreamReader
XMLInputFactory inputFactory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLStreamReader reader = inputFactory.createXMLStreamReader(in);
while (reader.hasNext())
...{
//2.根据事件类型做相应的处理,对于多数应用来说,处理完成可以直接break,跳出循环,提高性能
switch (reader.getEventType())
...{
case XMLStreamReader.START_ELEMENT:
String name = reader.getLocalName();
if ("order".equals(name))
...{
Order order = new Order();
stack.push(order);
} else if ("item".equals(name))
...{
Item item = new Item();
String sku = reader.getAttributeValue(0);
String quantity = reader.getAttributeValue(1);
item.setSku(sku);
item.setQuantity(Integer.parseInt(quantity));
stack.push(item);
} else if ("description".equals(name))
...{
String desc = reader.getElementText();
Item item = (Item) stack.pop();
item.setDescription(desc);
Order order = (Order) stack.peek();
order.addItem(item);
}
break;
}
reader.next();//获取下一个解析事件
}
} catch (XMLStreamException e)
...{
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (!stack.empty())
...{
return (Order) stack.pop();
} else
...{
return null;
}
}
输出
* 使用StAX接口输出XML文档,无法自动输出格式良好的文档,必须自己控制文档的排版
* @param order
* @return
*/
public String write(Order order)
... {
StringWriter buffer = new StringWriter();
try
...{
//1.得到XMLStrreamWriter
XMLOutputFactory outputFactory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();
//修复名称空间前缀。
//对于任何在范围内不具有名称空间声明的属性,自动名称空间声明。
//如果元素或属性名称具有前缀,但没有绑定到任何名称空间 URI,则前缀将在序列化时被删除。
outputFactory.setProperty("javax.xml.stream.isRepairingNamespaces", new Boolean(true));
XMLStreamWriter writer = outputFactory.createXMLStreamWriter(buffer);
//2.设置默认命名空间
writer.setDefaultNamespace("http://www.csdn.net");
//3.开始输出文档
writer.writeStartDocument("UTF-8", "1.0");
writer.writeCharacters(" ");//换行,让输出的xml好看一点
//输出DTD
writer.writeDTD("<!DOCTYPE po SYSTEM "src/sample.dtd">");
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
//输出xml文档的元素,输出一个start,必须要输出一个相应的end
writer.writeStartElement("po");//开始根元素po
//输出元素属性
writer.writeAttribute("id", "20080124001");
writer.writeAttribute("submitted", "2008-01-24");
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("billTo");//开始billTo元素
writer.writeAttribute("id", "addr-1");
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("company");
writer.writeCharacters("CSDN");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("street");
writer.writeCharacters("朝阳区望京北路");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("city");
writer.writeCharacters("朝阳区");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("state");
writer.writeCharacters("北京");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("postalCode");
writer.writeCharacters("100102");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeEndElement();//billTo元素结束
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("shipTo");//开始shipTo元素
writer.writeAttribute("href", "addr-1");
writer.writeEndElement();//shipTo元素结束
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("order");//开始order元素
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
for (Iterator itr = order.items.iterator(); itr.hasNext();)
...{
Item item = (Item) itr.next();
writer.writeStartElement("item");
writer.writeAttribute("sku", item.getSku());
writer.writeAttribute("quantity", String.valueOf(item
.getQuantity()));
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeStartElement("description");
writer.writeCharacters(item.getDescription());
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeEndElement();
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
}
writer.writeEndElement();//order元素结束
writer.writeCharacters(" ");
writer.writeEndElement();//po元素结束
writer.writeEndDocument();
writer.flush();
writer.close();
} catch (XMLStreamException e)
...{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
代码测试,其中TestStax类为包含了上面解析与输出代码的类
TestStax stax = new TestStax();
Order order = stax.parse(XmlFile.getSample1Stream());
System.out.println(order.toString());
Item item = new Item();
item.setSku("0123-BP");
item.setQuantity(10);
item.setDescription("Java XML 开发");
order.addItem(item);
String xml = stax.write(order);
System.out.println("------------------------------");
System.out.println(xml);
XML输出结果
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE po SYSTEM "src/sample.dtd">
<po xmlns="http://www.csdn.net" id="20080124001" submitted="2008-01-24">
<billTo id="addr-1">
<company>CSDN</company>
<street>朝阳区望京北路</street>
<city>朝阳区</city>
<state>北京</state>
<postalCode>100102</postalCode>
</billTo>
<shipTo href="addr-1"></shipTo>
<order>
<item sku="o318-BP" quantity="5">
<description>J2EE programmic</description>
</item>
<item sku="o947-TI" quantity="12">
<description>Java WEB Service</description>
</item>
<item sku="o008-PR" quantity="133">
<description>C++ develop</description>
</item>
<item sku="0123-BP" quantity="10">
<description>Java XML 开发</description>
</item>
</order>
</po>
没有什么多于的介绍,基本上就是一个代码示范,我相信二八法则,20%的知识基本能够满足80%可能碰到的场景,呵呵,算是谬论吧。
详细的介绍在IBM网站上有一篇,个人觉得还不错
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-stax1.html
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-stax2.html
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-stax3.html