V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY 显示数据库中的采样会话活动

V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY 显示数据库中的采样会话活动。ASH每秒从v$session中取快照，存在V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY中，并收集所有活动会话的等待信息。若ASH数据被刷新到磁盘，则需要从DBA_HIS_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY视图中查询相关信息。

该视图是ASH的核心，用以记录活动SESSION的历史等待信息，每秒采样一次，这部分内容记录在内存中，期望值是记录一个小时的内容。

列名	数据类型	说明
SAMPLE_ID	NUMBER	样本的ID
SAMPLE_TIME	TIMESTAMP(3)	取样本的时间
SESSION_ID	NUMBER	会话标识符; 映射到 V$SESSION.SID
SESSION_SERIAL#	NUMBER	会话序列号 (用于唯一标识一个会话的对象); 映射到 V$SESSION.SERIAL#
USER_ID	NUMBER	Oracle用户标识符; 映射到 V$SESSION.USER#
SQL_ID	VARCHAR2(13)	会话在取样时执行的 SQL 语句的 SQL 标识符
SQL_CHILD_NUMBER	NUMBER	Child number of the SQL statement that the session was executing at the time of sampling
SQL_PLAN_HASH_VALUE	NUMBER	sql游标计划的数值表示形式。这所有会话样本的信息可能不可用。v$session不包含此信息。
FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE	NUMBER	The signature used when the CURSOR_SHARING parameter is set to FORCE
SQL_OPCODE	NUMBER	Indicates what phase of operation the SQL statement was in; maps to V$SESSION.COMMAND。 “V$SESSION” for information on interpreting this column
SERVICE_HASH	NUMBER	Hash that identifies the Service; maps to V$ACTIVE_SERVICES.NAME_HASH
SESSION_TYPE	VARCHAR2(10)	会话类型: ·         FOREGROUND ·         BACKGROUND
SESSION_STATE	VARCHAR2(7)	会话状态: ·         WAITING ·         ON CPU
QC_SESSION_ID	NUMBER	查询协调器的会话ID。This information is only available if the sampled session is a parallel query slave. For all other sessions, the value is 0.
QC_INSTANCE_ID	NUMBER	查询协调器实例的ID。 This information is only available if the sampled session is a parallel query slave. For all other sessions, the value is 0.
BLOCKING_SESSION	NUMBER	阻塞会话的会话标识符。Populated only when the session was waiting for enqueues or a “buffer busy” wait. Maps toV$SESSION.BLOCKING_SESSION.
BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS	VARCHAR2(11)	阻塞会话的状态: ·         VALID ·         NO HOLDER ·         GLOBAL ·         NOT IN WAIT ·         UNKNOWN
BLOCKING_SESSION_SERIAL#	NUMBER	阻塞会话的序列号
EVENT	VARCHAR2(64)	If SESSION_STATE = WAITING, then the event for which the session was waiting for at the time of sampling.If SESSION_STATE = ON CPU, then this column will be NULL.See Also: “Oracle Wait Events”
EVENT_ID	NUMBER	Identifier of the resource or event for which the session is waiting or for which the session last waited. Interpretation is similar to that of theEVENT column.
EVENT#	NUMBER	Number of the resource or event for which the session is waiting or for which the session last waited. Interpretation is similar to that of theEVENT column.
SEQ#	NUMBER	序列号唯一标识等待（增加每个等待）
P1TEXT	VARCHAR2(64)	第一个附加参数的文本
P1	NUMBER	第一个附加参数
P2TEXT	VARCHAR2(64)	第二个参数的文本
P2	NUMBER	第二个附加参数
P3TEXT	VARCHAR2(64)	第三个附加参数的文本
P3	NUMBER	第三个附加参数
WAIT_CLASS	VARCHAR2(64)	Wait class name of the event for which the session was waiting at the time of sampling. Interpretation is similar to that of the EVENT column. Maps to V$SESSION.WAIT_CLASS.
WAIT_CLASS_ID	NUMBER	等待的会话在等待的时间采样的事件的类标识符。Interpretation is similar to that of the EVENTcolumn. Maps to V$SESSION.WAIT_CLASS_ID.
WAIT_TIME	NUMBER	0 if the session was waiting at the time of samplingTotal wait time for the event for which the session last waited if the session was on the CPU when sampledWhether or not WAIT_TIME = 0 is what is useful to find the SESSION_STATE at the time of sampling, rather than the actual value of WAIT_TIMEitself. Maps to V$SESSION.WAIT_TIME.
TIME_WAITED	NUMBER	If SESSION_STATE = WAITING, then the time that the session actually spent waiting for that EVENT. This column is set for waits that were in progress at the time the sample was taken.If a wait event lasted for more than a second and was caught waiting in more than one session sample row, then the actual time spent waiting for that wait event will be populated in the last of those session sample rows. At any given time, this information will not be available for the latest session sample.
XID	RAW(8)	Transaction ID that the session was working on at the time of sampling. V$SESSION does not contain this information.
CURRENT_OBJ#	NUMBER	对象ID的会话被引用的对象。此信息仅供如果会话在等待申请，集群，并发和用户I / O等待事件。映射到 V$SESSION.ROW_WAIT_OBJ#.
CURRENT_FILE#	NUMBER	File number of the file containing the block that the session is referencing. This information is only available if the session was waiting for Cluster, Concurrency, and User I/O wait events. Maps to V$SESSION.ROW_WAIT_FILE#.
CURRENT_BLOCK#	NUMBER	ID of the block that the session is referencing. This information is only available if the session was waiting for Cluster, Concurrency, and User I/O wait events. Maps to V$SESSION.ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#.
PROGRAM	VARCHAR2(48)	操作系统程序的名称
MODULE	VARCHAR2(48)	Name of the executing module when sampled, as set by the DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE procedure
ACTION	VARCHAR2(32)	Name of the executing module when sampled, as set by the DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION procedure
CLIENT_ID	VARCHAR2(64)	Client identifier of the session; maps to V$SESSION.CLIENT_IDENTIFIER

用法举例：查找最近一分钟内，最消耗CPU的sql语句

SELECT sql_id, count(*), round(count(*) / sum(count(*)) over(), 2) pctload
 FROM V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
WHERE sample_time > sysdate – 1 / (24 * 60)
   AND session_type <> 'BACKGROUND’
   AND session_state = 'ON CPU’
GROUP BY sql_id
 ORDER BY count(*) desc;

用法举例：查找最近一分钟内，最消耗I/O的sql语句

SELECT ash.sql_id,count(*)
 FROM V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY ASH,V$EVENT_NAME EVT
WHERE ash.sample_time > sysdate -1/(24*60)
   AND ash.session_state = 'WAITING’
   AND ash.event_id = evt.event_id
   AND evt.wait_class = 'USER I/O’
GROUP BY ash.sql_id
 ORDER BY count(*) desc;

用法举例：查找最近一分钟内，最消耗CPU的session

SELECT session_id,count(*)
 FROM V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
WHERE session_state = 'ON CPU’
   AND sample_time > sysdate -1/(24*60)
GROUP BY session_id
ORDER BY count(*) desc;

用法举例：查找最近一分钟内，最消耗资源的sql语句

SELECT ash.sql_id,
  sum(decode(ash.session_state,'ON CPU’,1,0)) “CPU”,
  sum(decode(ash.session_state,'WAITING’,1,0)) -
  sum(decode(ash.session_state,'WAITING’,decode(en.wait_class,'USER I/O’,1,0),0)) “WAIT”,
  sum(decode(ash.session_state,'WAITING’,decode(en.wait_class,'USER I/O’,1,0),0)) “IO”,
  sum(decode(ash.session_state,'ON CPU’,1,1)) “TOTAL”
 FROM V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY ASH,V$EVENT_NAME EN
WHERE SQL_ID is not null and en.event#=ash.event# and ash.sample_time > sysdate -1/(24*60)
GROUP BY ash.sql_id
 ORDER BY sum(decode(ash.session_state,'ON CPU’,1,1)) desc;

用法举例：查找最近一分钟内，最消耗资源的session

SELECT   ash.session_id,ash.session_serial#,ash.user_id,ash.program,
  sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'ON CPU’ ,1,0))  “CPU” ,
  sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'WAITING’ ,1,0)) -
  sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'WAITING’ ,decode(en.wait_class, 'USER I/O’ ,1,0),0))  “WAITING” ,
  sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'WAITING’ ,decode(en.wait_class, 'USER I/O’ ,1,0),0))  “IO” ,
  sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'ON CPU’ ,1,1))  “TOTAL”
 FROM   V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY   ASH,V$EVENT_NAME EN
WHERE   en.event# = ash.event# and ash.sample_time >   sysdate   -1/(24*60)
GROUP BY   ash.session_id,ash.user_id,ash.session_serial#,ash.program
 ORDER BY   sum (decode(ash.session_state, 'ON CPU’ ,1,1))