Java如何实现HTTP断点续传功能

其实断点续传的原理很简单，就是在Http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已,本文将详细介绍Java如何实现HTTP断点续传功能，需要的朋友可以参考下

(一)断点续传的原理  

其实断点续传的原理很简单，就是在Http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。 

打个比方，浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时，所发出的请求如下： 

假设服务器域名为wwww.sjtu.edu.cn，文件名为down.zip。 

GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1 

Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms- 

excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */* 

Accept-Language: zh-cn 

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate 

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0) 

Connection: Keep-Alive 

服务器收到请求后，按要求寻找请求的文件，提取文件的信息，然后返回给浏览器，返回信息如下 

200 

Content-Length=106786028 

Accept-Ranges=bytes 

Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT 

ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 

Content-Type=application/octet-stream 

Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 

Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT 

所谓断点续传，也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给 

Web服务器的时候要多加一条信息--从哪里开始。 

下面是用自己编的一个"浏览器"来传递请求信息给Web服务器，要求从2000070字节开始。 

GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0 

User-Agent: NetFox 

RANGE: bytes=2000070- 

Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2 

仔细看一下就会发现多了一行RANGE: bytes=2000070- 

这一行的意思就是告诉服务器down.zip这个文件从2000070字节开始传，前面的字节不用传了。 

服务器收到这个请求以后，返回的信息如下： 

206 

Content-Length=106786028 

Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 

Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT 

ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 

Content-Type=application/octet-stream 

Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 

Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT 

和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下，就会发现增加了一行： 

Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 

返回的代码也改为206了，而不再是200了。 

知道了以上原理，就可以进行断点续传的编程了。 

(二)Java实现断点续传的关键几点  

(1)用什么方法实现提交RANGE: bytes=2000070-。 

当然用最原始的Socket是肯定能完成的，不过那样太费事了，其实Java的net包中提供了这种功能。代码如下： 

URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip"); 

HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); 

//设置User-Agent 

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 

//设置断点续传的开始位置 

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070"); 

//获得输入流 

InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 

从输入流中取出的字节流就是down.zip文件从2000070开始的字节流。 

大家看，其实断点续传用Java实现起来还是很简单的吧。 

接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。 

保存文件采用的方法。 

我采用的是IO包中的RandAccessFile类。 

操作相当简单，假设从2000070处开始保存文件，代码如下： 

复制代码

代码如下:

RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw"); 

long nPos = 2000070; 

//定位文件指针到nPos位置 

oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 

byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 

int nRead; 

//从输入流中读入字节流，然后写到文件中 

while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0) 

{ 

oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead); 

} 

怎么样，也很简单吧。 

接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。 

(三)断点续传内核的实现  

主要用了6个类，包括一个测试类。 

SiteFileFetch.java负责整个文件的抓取，控制内部线程(FileSplitterFetch类)。 

FileSplitterFetch.java负责部分文件的抓取。 

FileAccess.java负责文件的存储。 

SiteInfoBean.java要抓取的文件的信息，如文件保存的目录，名字，抓取文件的URL等。 

Utility.java工具类，放一些简单的方法。 

TestMethod.java测试类。 

下面是源程序： 

复制代码

代码如下:

/* 

**SiteFileFetch.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

import java.io.*; 

import java.net.*; 

public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread { 

SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; //文件信息Bean 

long[] nStartPos; //开始位置 

long[] nEndPos; //结束位置 

FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; //子线程对象 

long nFileLength; //文件长度 

boolean bFirst = true; //是否第一次取文件 

boolean bStop = false; //停止标志 

File tmpFile; //文件下载的临时信息 

DataOutputStream output; //输出到文件的输出流 

public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException 

{ 

siteInfoBean = bean; 

//tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath())); 

tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info"); 

if(tmpFile.exists ()) 

{ 

bFirst = false; 

read_nPos(); 

} 

else 

{ 

nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 

nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 

} 

} 

public void run() 

{ 

//获得文件长度 

//分割文件 

//实例FileSplitterFetch 

//启动FileSplitterFetch线程 

//等待子线程返回 

try{ 

if(bFirst) 

{ 

nFileLength = getFileSize(); 

if(nFileLength == -1) 

{ 

System.err.println("File Length is not known!"); 

} 

else if(nFileLength == -2) 

{ 

System.err.println("File is not access!"); 

} 

else 

{ 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

{ 

nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length)); 

} 

for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++) 

{ 

nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1]; 

} 

nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength; 

} 

} 

//启动子线程 

fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length]; 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

{ 

fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), 

siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(), 

nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i); 

Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos[i]); 

fileSplitterFetch[i].start(); 

} 

// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), 

siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nPos[nPos.length-1],nFileLength,nPos.length-1); 

// Utility.log("Thread " + (nPos.length-1) + " , nStartPos = " + nPos[nPos.length-1] + ", 

nEndPos = " + nFileLength); 

// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start(); 

//等待子线程结束 

//int count = 0; 

//是否结束while循环 

boolean breakWhile = false; 

while(!bStop) 

{ 

write_nPos(); 

Utility.sleep(500); 

breakWhile = true; 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

{ 

if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver) 

{ 

breakWhile = false; 

break; 

} 

} 

if(breakWhile) 

break; 

//count++; 

//if(count>4) 

// siteStop(); 

} 

System.err.println("文件下载结束！"); 

} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

} 

//获得文件长度 

public long getFileSize() 

{ 

int nFileLength = -1; 

try{ 

URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL()); 

HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); 

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 

int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode(); 

if(responseCode>=400) 

{ 

processErrorCode(responseCode); 

return -2; //-2 represent access is error 

} 

String sHeader; 

for(int i=1;;i++) 

{ 

//DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ()); 

//Utility.log(in.readLine()); 

sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 

if(sHeader!=null) 

{ 

if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length")) 

{ 

nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader)); 

break; 

} 

} 

else 

break; 

} 

} 

catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

Utility.log(nFileLength); 

return nFileLength; 

} 

//保存下载信息（文件指针位置） 

private void write_nPos() 

{ 

try{ 

output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile)); 

output.writeInt(nStartPos.length); 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

{ 

// output.writeLong(nPos[i]); 

output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos); 

output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos); 

} 

output.close(); 

} 

catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

} 

//读取保存的下载信息（文件指针位置） 

private void read_nPos() 

{ 

try{ 

DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile)); 

int nCount = input.readInt(); 

nStartPos = new long[nCount]; 

nEndPos = new long[nCount]; 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

{ 

nStartPos[i] = input.readLong(); 

nEndPos[i] = input.readLong(); 

} 

input.close(); 

} 

catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

} 

private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode) 

{ 

System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode); 

} 

//停止文件下载 

public void siteStop() 

{ 

bStop = true; 

for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 

fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop(); 

} 

} 

/* 

**FileSplitterFetch.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

import java.io.*; 

import java.net.*; 

public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread { 

String sURL; //File URL 

long nStartPos; //File Snippet Start Position 

long nEndPos; //File Snippet End Position 

int nThreadID; //Thread's ID 

boolean bDownOver = false; //Downing is over 

boolean bStop = false; //Stop identical 

FileAccessI fileAccessI = null; //File Access interface 

public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id) throws IOException 

{ 

this.sURL = sURL; 

this.nStartPos = nStart; 

this.nEndPos = nEnd; 

nThreadID = id; 

fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos); 

} 

public void run() 

{ 

while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 

{ 

try{ 

URL url = new URL(sURL); 

HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); 

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 

String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-"; 

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty); 

Utility.log(sProperty); 

InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 

//logResponseHead(httpConnection); 

byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 

int nRead; 

while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 

{ 

nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead); 

//if(nThreadID == 1) 

// Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos); 

} 

Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!"); 

bDownOver = true; 

//nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead); 

} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 

} 

} 

//打印回应的头信息 

public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con) 

{ 

for(int i=1;;i++) 

{ 

String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 

if(header!=null) 

//responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header)); 

Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header)); 

else 

break; 

} 

} 

public void splitterStop() 

{ 

bStop = true; 

} 

} 

/* 

**FileAccess.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

import java.io.*; 

public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{ 

RandomAccessFile oSavedFile; 

long nPos; 

public FileAccessI() throws IOException 

{ 

this("",0); 

} 

public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException 

{ 

oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw"); 

this.nPos = nPos; 

oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 

} 

public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen) 

{ 

int n = -1; 

try{ 

oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen); 

n = nLen; 

} 

catch(IOException e) 

{ 

e.printStackTrace (); 

} 

return n; 

} 

} 

/* 

**SiteInfoBean.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

public class SiteInfoBean { 

private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL 

private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path 

private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name 

private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File 

public SiteInfoBean() 

{ 

//default value of nSplitter is 5 

this("","","",5); 

} 

public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter) 

{ 

sSiteURL= sURL; 

sFilePath = sPath; 

sFileName = sName; 

this.nSplitter = nSpiltter; 

} 

public String getSSiteURL() 

{ 

return sSiteURL; 

} 

public void setSSiteURL(String value) 

{ 

sSiteURL = value; 

} 

public String getSFilePath() 

{ 

return sFilePath; 

} 

public void setSFilePath(String value) 

{ 

sFilePath = value; 

} 

public String getSFileName() 

{ 

return sFileName; 

} 

public void setSFileName(String value) 

{ 

sFileName = value; 

} 

public int getNSplitter() 

{ 

return nSplitter; 

} 

public void setNSplitter(int nCount) 

{ 

nSplitter = nCount; 

} 

} 

/* 

**Utility.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

public class Utility { 

public Utility() 

{ 

} 

public static void sleep(int nSecond) 

{ 

try{ 

Thread.sleep(nSecond); 

} 

catch(Exception e) 

{ 

e.printStackTrace (); 

} 

} 

public static void log(String sMsg) 

{ 

System.err.println(sMsg); 

} 

public static void log(int sMsg) 

{ 

System.err.println(sMsg); 

} 

} 

/* 

**TestMethod.java 

*/ 

package NetFox; 

public class TestMethod { 

public TestMethod() 

{ ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe 

try{ 

SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe","L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5); 

//SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5); 

SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean); 

fileFetch.start(); 

} 

catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace (); 

} 

} 

public static void main(String[] args) 

{ 

new TestMethod(); 

} 

}