在做BI项目中,用户会经常提出类似下面这样的需求:
1. 本月比上月的销售额增长了多少?百分比是多少?
2. 本季度第一个月比上季度第一个月的销售额增长了多少?百分比是多少?
其实这两个需求就是我们常说的同比和环比问题,它们用关系数据库的SQL语句难于实现,而用BI中的MDX来做却轻而易举。以下例子采用的是SQL Server2005的Analysis Services中的示例库。
环比
需求:本月比上个月的销售额增长了多少个百分点?
MDX语句如下:
结果如下:
上面的输出结果有一个问题,就是第一行数据会发生除0的情况,为了防止这种情况,MDX修改如下:
如果发现0为空,则显示空字符串。输出结果如下:
同比
需求:本季度每个月比上个季度同期销售额增长了多少个百分点?
运行结果如下:
和环比相同,这里也出现了除0的情况,所以把MDX做如下修改:
输出结果如下:
总结
同比和环比是BI项目中经常要做得内容,采用MDX语句可以轻松的实现这个需求。
1. 本月比上月的销售额增长了多少?百分比是多少?
2. 本季度第一个月比上季度第一个月的销售额增长了多少?百分比是多少?
其实这两个需求就是我们常说的同比和环比问题,它们用关系数据库的SQL语句难于实现,而用BI中的MDX来做却轻而易举。以下例子采用的是SQL Server2005的Analysis Services中的示例库。
环比
需求:本月比上个月的销售额增长了多少个百分点?
MDX语句如下:
WITH
MEMBER Measures.
[
Amount Change Rate
]
AS
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember) - 1
, FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT
{ [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Amount Change Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember) - 1
, FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT
{ [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Amount Change Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
结果如下:
上面的输出结果有一个问题,就是第一行数据会发生除0的情况,为了防止这种情况,MDX修改如下:
WITH
MEMBER Measures.
[
Amount Change Rate
]
AS
IIF(ISEMPTY(( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember)), "",
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember) - 1
), FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT
{ [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Amount Change Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members
ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
IIF(ISEMPTY(( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember)), "",
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.PrevMember) - 1
), FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT
{ [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Amount Change Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members
ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
如果发现0为空,则显示空字符串。输出结果如下:
同比
需求:本季度每个月比上个季度同期销售额增长了多少个百分点?
WITH
MEMBER Measures.
[
Change Amount Rate
]
AS
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
) - 1 , FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT { [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Change Amount Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
) - 1 , FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT { [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Change Amount Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
运行结果如下:
和环比相同,这里也出现了除0的情况,所以把MDX做如下修改:
WITH
MEMBER Measures.
[
Change Amount Rate
]
AS
IIF(
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
)=0
, "",
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
) - 1
), FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT { [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Change Amount Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
IIF(
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
)=0
, "",
[ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] /
( [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] ,
Cousin( [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember, [ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] .CurrentMember.Parent.PrevMember)
) - 1
), FORMAT_STRING = ' 0% '
SELECT { [ Measures ] . [ Internet Sales Amount ] , Measures. [ Change Amount Rate ] } ON 0 ,
[ Date ] . [ Fiscal ] . [ Month ] .Members ON 1
FROM [ Adventure Works ]
输出结果如下:
总结
同比和环比是BI项目中经常要做得内容,采用MDX语句可以轻松的实现这个需求。