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RSS订阅转载 Date Calendar DateFormat用法一览
转自 http://book.51cto.com/art/200907/140702.htm 11.5 日期操作类 在程序的开发中经常会遇到日期类型的操作，在Java中对于日期的操作也提供了良好的支持，主要使用java.util包中的Date、Calendar以及java.text包中的SimpleDateFormat。下面介绍其具体的用法。 11.5.1 Date类
2014-03-24 11:27:55
6032
原创 Spring3.0+Hibernate+Atomikos多数据源分布式事务管理
一、概念 分布式事务 分布式事务是指事务的参与者、支持事务的服务器、资源服务器以及事务管理器分别位于不同的分布式系统的不同节点之上。简言之，同时操作多个数据库保持事务的统一，达到跨库事务的效果。 JTA JTA，即Java Transaction API，JTA允许应用程序执行分布式事务处理———在两个或多个网络计算机资源上访问并且更新数据。JDBC驱动程序的JTA支持极大地增强了
2014-03-20 12:01:41
4167
2
转载 spring配置详解-连接池配置
一、连接池概述 数据库连接池概述： 数据库连接是一种关键的有限的昂贵的资源，这一点在多用户的网页应用程序中体现得尤为突出。对数据库连接的管理能显著影响到整个应用程序的伸缩性和健壮性，影响到程序的性能指标。数据库连接池正是针对这个问题提出来的。 数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接，它允许应用程序重复使用一个现有的数据库连接，而再不是重新建立一个；释放空闲时间超过最大空闲时间的
2014-03-20 11:25:16
7830
jquery日历控件
JSCal2是一款简单实用而且非常酷的日历控件，功能丰富界面华丽，在官网http://www.dynarch.com/projects/calendar/有非常详细的介绍。这里是一个简单的应用实例。
包含eclipse下测试项目和js脚本代码。
2014-04-30
Java编程思想第4版
引言................................................................................................................................................................................................8
1. 前提......................................................................................................................................................................................8
2. Java的学习.........................................................................................................................................................................8
3. 目标......................................................................................................................................................................................8
4. 联机文档.............................................................................................................................................................................9
5. 章节......................................................................................................................................................................................9
6. 练习....................................................................................................................................................................................12
7. 多媒体CD-ROM.............................................................................................................................................................12
8. 源代码................................................................................................................................................................................12
9. 编码样式...........................................................................................................................................................................14
10. Java版本.........................................................................................................................................................................14
11. 课程和培训.....................................................................................................................................................................14
12. 错误..................................................................................................................................................................................14
13. 封面设计.........................................................................................................................................................................15
14. 致谢..................................................................................................................................................................................15
第1章 对象入门.......................................................................................................................................................................27
1.1 抽象的进步.....................................................................................................................................................................27
1.2 对象的接口.....................................................................................................................................................................28
1.3 实现方案的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................29
1.4 方案的重复使用............................................................................................................................................................30
1.5 继承：重新使用接口...................................................................................................................................................30
1.5.1 改善基础类..............................................................................................................................................................30
1.5.2 等价与类似关系.....................................................................................................................................................31
1.6 多形对象的互换使用...................................................................................................................................................31
1.6.1 动态绑定..................................................................................................................................................................32
1.6.2 抽象的基础类和接口............................................................................................................................................32
1.7 对象的创建和存在时间...............................................................................................................................................33
1.7.1 集合与继承器......................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.7.2 单根结构..................................................................................................................................................................34
1.7.3 集合库与方便使用集合........................................................................................................................................ 35
1.7.4 清除时的困境：由谁负责清除？......................................................................................................................35
1.8 违例控制：解决错误...................................................................................................................................................36
1.9 多线程..............................................................................................................................................................................37
1.10 永久性...........................................................................................................................................................................37
1.11 Java和因特网..............................................................................................................................................................37
1.11.1 什么是Web？......................................................................................................................................................37
1.11.2 客户端编程（注释⑧）.....................................................................................................................................38
1.11.3 服务器端编程.......................................................................................................................................................41
1.11.4 一个独立的领域：应用程序............................................................................................................................. 41
1.12 分析和设计...................................................................................................................................................................42
1.12.1 不要迷失................................................................................................................................................................42
1.12.2 阶段0：拟出一个计划....................................................................................................................................... 42
1.12.3 阶段1：要制作什么？....................................................................................................................................... 43
1.12.4 阶段2：如何构建？...........................................................................................................................................43
1.12.5 阶段3：开始创建...............................................................................................................................................44
1.12.6 阶段4：校订........................................................................................................................................................44
1.12.7 计划的回报...........................................................................................................................................................45
1.13 Java还是C++？........................................................................................................................................................45
18
第2章 一切都是对象..............................................................................................................................................................46
2.1 用句柄操纵对象............................................................................................................................................................46
2.2 所有对象都必须创建...................................................................................................................................................46
2.2.1 保存到什么地方.....................................................................................................................................................46
2.2.2 特殊情况：主要类型............................................................................................................................................47
2.2.3 Java的数组............................................................................................................................................................. 48
2.3 绝对不要清除对象.......................................................................................................................................................48
2.3.1 作用域......................................................................................................................................................................48
2.3.2 对象的作用域......................................................................................................................................................... 49
2.4 新建数据类型：类.......................................................................................................................................................49
2.4.1 字段和方法..............................................................................................................................................................49
2.5 方法、自变量和返回值...............................................................................................................................................50
2.5.1 自变量列表..............................................................................................................................................................51
2.6 构建Java程序...............................................................................................................................................................52
2.6.1 名字的可见性......................................................................................................................................................... 52
2.6.2 使用其他组件......................................................................................................................................................... 52
2.6.3 static关键字............................................................................................................................................................ 52
2.7 我们的第一个Java程序.............................................................................................................................................53
2.8 注释和嵌入文档............................................................................................................................................................55
2.8.1 注释文档..................................................................................................................................................................56
2.8.2 具体语法..................................................................................................................................................................56
2.8.3 嵌入HTML............................................................................................................................................................. 56
2.8.4 @see：引用其他类...............................................................................................................................................57
2.8.5 类文档标记..............................................................................................................................................................57
2.8.6 变量文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57
2.8.7 方法文档标记......................................................................................................................................................... 57
2.8.8 文档示例..................................................................................................................................................................58
2.9 编码样式.........................................................................................................................................................................59
2.10 总结................................................................................................................................................................................59
2.11 练习................................................................................................................................................................................59
第3章 控制程序流程..............................................................................................................................................................60
3.1 使用Java运算符..........................................................................................................................................................60
3.1.1 优先级......................................................................................................................................................................60
3.1.2 赋值...........................................................................................................................................................................60
3.1.3 算术运算符..............................................................................................................................................................62
3.1.4 自动递增和递减.....................................................................................................................................................64
3.1.5 关系运算符..............................................................................................................................................................65
3.1.6 逻辑运算符..............................................................................................................................................................66
3.1.7 按位运算符..............................................................................................................................................................68
3.1.8 移位运算符..............................................................................................................................................................68
3.1.9 三元if-else运算符................................................................................................................................................71
3.1.10 逗号运算符...........................................................................................................................................................72
3.1.11 字串运算符+......................................................................................................................................................... 72
3.1.12 运算符常规操作规则..........................................................................................................................................72
3.1.13 造型运算符...........................................................................................................................................................73
3.1.14 Java没有“sizeof”............................................................................................................................................74
3.1.15 复习计算顺序.......................................................................................................................................................75
3.1.16 运算符总结...........................................................................................................................................................75
3.2 执行控制.........................................................................................................................................................................84
3.2.1 真和假......................................................................................................................................................................84
3.2.2 if-else........................................................................................................................................................................ 84
3.2.3 反复...........................................................................................................................................................................85
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3.2.4 do-while....................................................................................................................................................................85
3.2.5 for.............................................................................................................................................................................. 86
3.2.6 中断和继续..............................................................................................................................................................87
3.2.7 开关...........................................................................................................................................................................91
3.3 总结..................................................................................................................................................................................94
3.4 练习..................................................................................................................................................................................94
第4章 初始化和清除..............................................................................................................................................................95
4.1 用构建器自动初始化...................................................................................................................................................95
4.2 方法过载.........................................................................................................................................................................96
4.2.1 区分过载方法......................................................................................................................................................... 97
4.2.2 主类型的过载......................................................................................................................................................... 98
4.2.3 返回值过载............................................................................................................................................................ 101
4.2.4 默认构建器............................................................................................................................................................ 102
4.2.5 this关键字.............................................................................................................................................................102
4.3 清除：收尾和垃圾收集............................................................................................................................................105
4.3.1 finalize()用途何在................................................................................................................................................105
4.3.2 必须执行清除.......................................................................................................................................................106
4.4 成员初始化..................................................................................................................................................................108
4.4.1 规定初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 109
4.4.2 构建器初始化.......................................................................................................................................................111
4.5 数组初始化..................................................................................................................................................................116
4.5.1 多维数组................................................................................................................................................................119
4.6 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................121
4.7 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................121
第5章 隐藏实施过程...........................................................................................................................................................123
5.1 包：库单元..................................................................................................................................................................123
5.1.1 创建独一无二的包名..........................................................................................................................................124
5.1.2 自定义工具库.......................................................................................................................................................126
5.1.3 利用导入改变行为.............................................................................................................................................. 128
5.1.4 包的停用................................................................................................................................................................130
5.2 Java访问指示符........................................................................................................................................................130
5.2.1 “友好的”............................................................................................................................................................ 130
5.2.2 public：接口访问................................................................................................................................................131
5.2.3 private：不能接触！...........................................................................................................................................132
5.2.4 protected：“友好的一种”..............................................................................................................................133
5.3 接口与实现..................................................................................................................................................................134
5.4 类访问...........................................................................................................................................................................135
5.5 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................136
5.6 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................137
第6章 类再生........................................................................................................................................................................139
6.1 合成的语法..................................................................................................................................................................139
6.2 继承的语法..................................................................................................................................................................141
6.2.1 初始化基础类.......................................................................................................................................................143
6.3 合成与继承的结合....................................................................................................................................................145
6.3.1 确保正确的清除...................................................................................................................................................146
6.3.2 名字的隐藏............................................................................................................................................................ 148
6.4 到底选择合成还是继承............................................................................................................................................149
6.5 protected....................................................................................................................................................................... 150
6.6 累积开发......................................................................................................................................................................151
6.7 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................151
6.7.1 何谓“上溯造型”？..........................................................................................................................................152
6.8 final关键字..................................................................................................................................................................152
6.8.1 final数据................................................................................................................................................................152
20
6.8.2 final方法................................................................................................................................................................155
6.8.3 final类....................................................................................................................................................................156
6.8.4 final的注意事项.................................................................................................................................................. 156
6.9 初始化和类装载......................................................................................................................................................... 157
6.9.1 继承初始化............................................................................................................................................................ 157
6.10 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................158
6.11 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................159
第7章 多形性........................................................................................................................................................................160
7.1 上溯造型......................................................................................................................................................................160
7.1.1 为什么要上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 161
7.2 深入理解......................................................................................................................................................................162
7.2.1 方法调用的绑定...................................................................................................................................................163
7.2.2 产生正确的行为...................................................................................................................................................163
7.2.3 扩展性....................................................................................................................................................................165
7.3 覆盖与过载..................................................................................................................................................................168
7.4 抽象类和方法.............................................................................................................................................................169
7.5 接口...............................................................................................................................................................................172
7.5.1 Java的“多重继承”..........................................................................................................................................174
7.5.2 通过继承扩展接口.............................................................................................................................................. 176
7.5.3 常数分组................................................................................................................................................................177
7.5.4 初始化接口中的字段..........................................................................................................................................178
7.6 内部类...........................................................................................................................................................................179
7.6.1 内部类和上溯造型.............................................................................................................................................. 180
7.6.2 方法和作用域中的内部类.................................................................................................................................181
7.6.3 链接到外部类.......................................................................................................................................................186
7.6.4 static内部类..........................................................................................................................................................187
7.6.5 引用外部类对象...................................................................................................................................................189
7.6.6 从内部类继承.......................................................................................................................................................190
7.6.7 内部类可以覆盖吗？..........................................................................................................................................190
7.6.8 内部类标识符.......................................................................................................................................................192
7.6.9 为什么要用内部类：控制框架......................................................................................................................... 192
7.7 构建器和多形性......................................................................................................................................................... 198
7.7.1 构建器的调用顺序.............................................................................................................................................. 198
7.7.2 继承和finalize()...................................................................................................................................................199
7.7.3 构建器内部的多形性方法的行为....................................................................................................................202
7.8 通过继承进行设计....................................................................................................................................................204
7.8.1 纯继承与扩展.......................................................................................................................................................205
7.8.2 下溯造型与运行期类型标识.............................................................................................................................206
7.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................208
7.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................208
第8章 对象的容纳................................................................................................................................................................209
8.1 数组...............................................................................................................................................................................209
8.1.1 数组和第一类对象.............................................................................................................................................. 209
8.1.2 数组的返回............................................................................................................................................................ 212
8.2 集合...............................................................................................................................................................................213
8.2.1 缺点：类型未知...................................................................................................................................................213
8.3 枚举器（反复器）....................................................................................................................................................217
8.4 集合的类型..................................................................................................................................................................220
8.4.1 Vector.....................................................................................................................................................................220
8.4.2 BitSet......................................................................................................................................................................221
8.4.3 Stack....................................................................................................................................................................... 222
8.4.4 Hashtable................................................................................................................................................................223
8.4.5 再论枚举器............................................................................................................................................................ 228
21
8.5 排序...............................................................................................................................................................................229
8.6 通用集合库..................................................................................................................................................................232
8.7 新集合...........................................................................................................................................................................233
8.7.1 使用Collections...................................................................................................................................................235
8.7.2 使用Lists...............................................................................................................................................................238
8.7.3 使用Sets................................................................................................................................................................242
8.7.4 使用Maps..............................................................................................................................................................244
8.7.5 决定实施方案.......................................................................................................................................................247
8.7.6 未支持的操作.......................................................................................................................................................253
8.7.7 排序和搜索............................................................................................................................................................ 255
8.7.8 实用工具................................................................................................................................................................259
8.8 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................261
8.9 练习...............................................................................................................................................................................262
第9章 违例差错控制...........................................................................................................................................................263
9.1 基本违例......................................................................................................................................................................263
9.1.1 违例自变量............................................................................................................................................................ 264
9.2 违例的捕获..................................................................................................................................................................264
9.2.1 try块....................................................................................................................................................................... 264
9.2.2 违例控制器............................................................................................................................................................ 265
9.2.3 违例规范................................................................................................................................................................265
9.2.4 捕获所有违例.......................................................................................................................................................266
9.2.5 重新“掷”出违例.............................................................................................................................................. 267
9.3 标准Java违例............................................................................................................................................................ 270
9.3.1 RuntimeException的特殊情况......................................................................................................................... 270
9.4 创建自己的违例......................................................................................................................................................... 271
9.5 违例的限制..................................................................................................................................................................274
9.6 用finally清除.............................................................................................................................................................276
9.6.1 用finally 做什么.................................................................................................................................................. 277
9.6.2 缺点：丢失的违例.............................................................................................................................................. 279
9.7 构建器...........................................................................................................................................................................280
9.8 违例匹配......................................................................................................................................................................283
9.8.1 违例准则................................................................................................................................................................284
9.9 总结...............................................................................................................................................................................284
9.10 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................284
第10章 JAVA IO系统......................................................................................................................................................... 285
10.1 输入和输出................................................................................................................................................................285
10.1.1 InputStream的类型...........................................................................................................................................285
10.1.2 OutputStream的类型........................................................................................................................................286
10.2 增添属性和有用的接口.........................................................................................................................................286
10.2.1 通过FilterInputStream从InputStream里读入数据...................................................................................287
10.2.2 通过FilterOutputStream向OutputStream里写入数据.............................................................................287
10.3 本身的缺陷：RandomAccessFile......................................................................................................................... 288
10.4 File类.........................................................................................................................................................................288
10.4.1 目录列表器......................................................................................................................................................... 288
10.4.2 检查与创建目录.................................................................................................................................................292
10.5 IO流的典型应用......................................................................................................................................................294
10.5.1 输入流..................................................................................................................................................................296
10.5.2 输出流..................................................................................................................................................................298
10.5.3 快捷文件处理.....................................................................................................................................................298
10.5.4 从标准输入中读取数据....................................................................................................................................300
10.5.5 管道数据流......................................................................................................................................................... 300
10.6 StreamTokenizer........................................................................................................................................................300
22
10.6.1 StringTokenizer.................................................................................................................................................. 303
10.7 Java 1.1的IO流......................................................................................................................................................305
10.7.1 数据的发起与接收............................................................................................................................................305
10.7.2 修改数据流的行为............................................................................................................................................306
10.7.3 未改变的类......................................................................................................................................................... 306
10.7.4 一个例子..............................................................................................................................................................307
10.7.5 重导向标准IO....................................................................................................................................................310
10.8 压缩.............................................................................................................................................................................311
10.8.1 用GZIP进行简单压缩.....................................................................................................................................311
10.8.2 用Zip进行多文件保存....................................................................................................................................312
10.8.3 Java归档（jar）实用程序...............................................................................................................................314
10.9 对象序列化................................................................................................................................................................315
10.9.1 寻找类..................................................................................................................................................................318
10.9.2 序列化的控制.....................................................................................................................................................319
10.9.3 利用“持久性”.................................................................................................................................................326
10.10 总结...........................................................................................................................................................................332
10.11 练习...........................................................................................................................................................................332
第11章 运行期类型鉴定.....................................................................................................................................................333
11.1 对RTTI的需要......................................................................................................................................................... 333
11.1.1 Class对象............................................................................................................................................................ 334
11.1.2 造型前的检查.....................................................................................................................................................337
11.2 RTTI语法...................................................................................................................................................................342
11.3 反射：运行期类信息.............................................................................................................................................. 343
11.3.1 一个类方法提取器............................................................................................................................................344
11.4 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................347
11.5 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................348
第12章 传递和返回对象.....................................................................................................................................................349
12.1 传递句柄....................................................................................................................................................................349
12.1.1 别名问题..............................................................................................................................................................349
12.2 制作本地副本...........................................................................................................................................................351
12.2.1 按值传递..............................................................................................................................................................351
12.2.2 克隆对象..............................................................................................................................................................352
12.2.3 使类具有克隆能力............................................................................................................................................353
12.2.4 成功的克隆......................................................................................................................................................... 353
12.2.5 Object.clone()的效果........................................................................................................................................355
12.2.6 克隆合成对象.....................................................................................................................................................356
12.2.7 用Vector进行深层复制...................................................................................................................................358
12.2.8 通过序列化进行深层复制...............................................................................................................................359
12.2.9 使克隆具有更大的深度....................................................................................................................................361
12.2.10 为什么有这个奇怪的设计.............................................................................................................................362
12.3 克隆的控制................................................................................................................................................................363
12.3.1 副本构建器......................................................................................................................................................... 366
12.4 只读类........................................................................................................................................................................369
12.4.1 创建只读类......................................................................................................................................................... 370
12.4.2 “一成不变”的弊端........................................................................................................................................371
12.4.3 不变字串..............................................................................................................................................................373
12.4.4 String和StringBuffer类..................................................................................................................................374
12.4.5 字串的特殊性.....................................................................................................................................................376
12.5 总结.............................................................................................................................................................................376
12.6 练习.............................................................................................................................................................................376
第十三章 创建窗口和程序片.............................................................................................................................................. 378
13.1 为何要用AWT？......................................................................................................................................................378
23
13.2 基本程序片................................................................................................................................................................379
13.2.1 程序片的测试.....................................................................................................................................................380
13.2.2 一个更图形化的例子........................................................................................................................................381
13.2.3 框架方法的演示.................................................................................................................................................381
13.3 制作按钮....................................................................................................................................................................382
13.4 捕获事件....................................................................................................................................................................382
13.5 文本字段....................................................................................................................................................................384
13.6 文本区域....................................................................................................................................................................385
13.7 标签.............................................................................................................................................................................386
13.8 复选框........................................................................................................................................................................387
13.9 单选钮........................................................................................................................................................................388
13.10 下拉列表..................................................................................................................................................................389
13.11 列表框......................................................................................................................................................................390
13.11.1 handleEvent()....................................................................................................................................................391
13.12 布局的控制.............................................................................................................................................................393
13.12.1 FlowLayout.......................................................................................................................................................393
13.12.2 BorderLayout....................................................................................................................................................393
13.12.3 GridLayout........................................................................................................................................................394
13.12.4 CardLayout........................................................................................................................................................394
13.12.5 GridBagLayout.................................................................................................................................................396
13.13 action的替代品......................................................................................................................................................396
13.14 程序片的局限......................................................................................................................................................... 400
13.14.1 程序片的优点...................................................................................................................................................401
13.15 视窗化应用.............................................................................................................................................................401
13.15.1 菜单....................................................................................................................................................................401
13.15.2 对话框................................................................................................................................................................404
13.16 新型AWT.................................................................................................................................................................408
13.16.1 新的事件模型...................................................................................................................................................409
13.16.2 事件和接收者类型..........................................................................................................................................410
13.16.3 用Java 1.1 AWT制作窗口和程序片..........................................................................................................414
13.16.4 再研究一下以前的例子.................................................................................................................................416
13.16.5 动态绑定事件...................................................................................................................................................431
13.16.6 将事务逻辑与UI逻辑区分开......................................................................................................................433
13.16.7 推荐编码方法...................................................................................................................................................435
13.17 Java 1.1用户接口API..........................................................................................................................................448
13.17.1 桌面颜色...........................................................................................................................................................448
13.17.2 打印....................................................................................................................................................................448
13.17.3 剪贴板................................................................................................................................................................454
13.18 可视编程和Beans.................................................................................................................................................456
13.18.1 什么是Bean......................................................................................................................................................457
13.18.2 用Introspector提取BeanInfo.......................................................................................................................458
13.18.3 一个更复杂的Bean........................................................................................................................................463
13.18.4 Bean的封装......................................................................................................................................................465
13.18.5 更复杂的Bean支持........................................................................................................................................466
13.18.6 Bean更多的知识.............................................................................................................................................466
13.19 Swing入门（注释⑦）.........................................................................................................................................467
13.19.1 Swing有哪些优点...........................................................................................................................................467
13.19.2 方便的转换.......................................................................................................................................................467
13.19.3 显示框架...........................................................................................................................................................468
13.19.4 工具提示...........................................................................................................................................................469
13.19.5 边框....................................................................................................................................................................469
2013-08-11
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