20个非常有用的Java程序片段

文章来源：https://my.oschina.net/ljc94/blog/754503

作者：黎嘉诚

开学之后很久没有更博了，每天上课 游泳 打球去了…… 今天是十一小长假的第4天，闲来无事，在微博上看见转载的java开发的文章，分享给大家。

1、字符串有整型的相互转换

String a = String.valueOf(2);   //integer to numeric string  
int i = Integer.parseInt(a); //numeric string to an int

2、向文件末尾添加内容

BufferedWriter out = null;  
try {  
    out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(”filename”, true));  
    out.write(”aString”);  
} catch (IOException e) {  
    // error processing code  } finally {  
    if (out != null) {  
        out.close();  
    }  
}

3、得到当前方法的名字

1）利用java反射机制实现

//获取执行某对象的方法

public Object invokeMethod(Object owner, String methodName, 
Object[] args) throws Exception {   

     Class ownerClass = owner.getClass();   
     Class[] argsClass = new Class[args.length];   
     for (int i = 0, j = args.length; i < j; i++) {   
         argsClass[i] = args[i].getClass();   
     }   
     Method method = ownerClass.getMethod(methodName,argsClass);   
     return method.invoke(owner, args);   
}  

2）

String methodName = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();

4、转字符串到日期

java.util.Date = java.text.DateFormat.getDateInstance().parse(date String);

或者是：

SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat( "dd.MM.yyyy" );  
Date date = format.parse( myString );

5、使用JDBC链接Oracle

public class OracleJdbcTest  {  
    String driverClass = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";  

    Connection con;  

    public void init(FileInputStream fs) throws 
    ClassNotFoundException, SQLException, FileNotFoundException, IOException  
    {  
        Properties props = new Properties();  
        props.load(fs);  
        String url = props.getProperty("db.url");  
        String userName = props.getProperty("db.user");  
        String password = props.getProperty("db.password");  
        Class.forName(driverClass);  

        con=DriverManager.getConnection(url, userName, password);  
    }  

    public void fetch() throws SQLException, IOException  
    {  
        PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement
        ("select SYSDATE from dual");  
        ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();  

        while (rs.next())  
        {  
            // do the thing you do  
        }  
        rs.close();  
        ps.close();  
    }  

    public static void main(String[] args)  
    {  
        OracleJdbcTest test = new OracleJdbcTest();  
        test.init();  
        test.fetch();  
    }  
}

6、把 Java util.Date 转成 sql.Date

java.util.Date utilDate = new java.util.Date();  
java.sql.Date sqlDate = new java.sql.Date(utilDate.getTime());

7、使用NIO进行快速的文件拷贝

public static void fileCopy( File in, File out )  
            throws IOException  
    {  
        FileChannel inChannel = new FileInputStream( in ).getChannel();  
        FileChannel outChannel = new FileOutputStream( out ).getChannel();  
        try 
        {  
//          inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);      
// original -- apparently has trouble copying large files on Windows  

            // magic number for Windows, 64Mb - 32Kb)  
            int maxCount = (64 * 1024 * 1024) - (32 * 1024);  
            long size = inChannel.size();  
            long position = 0;  
            while ( position < size )  
            {  
               position += inChannel.transferTo( position, maxCount, outChannel );  
            }  
        }  
        finally 
        {  
            if ( inChannel != null )  
            {  
               inChannel.close();  
            }  
            if ( outChannel != null )  
            {  
                outChannel.close();  
            }  
        }  
    }

8、创建图片的缩略图

private void createThumbnail(String filename, int thumbWidth, 
int thumbHeight, int quality, String outFilename)  
        throws InterruptedException, FileNotFoundException, IOException  
    {  
        // load image from filename  
        Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(filename);  
        MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(new Container());  
        mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);  
        mediaTracker.waitForID(0);  
        // use this to test for errors at this point: 
        System.out.println(mediaTracker.isErrorAny());  

        // determine thumbnail size from WIDTH and HEIGHT  
        double thumbRatio = (double)thumbWidth / (double)thumbHeight;  
        int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null);  
        int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null);  
        double imageRatio = (double)imageWidth / (double)imageHeight;  
        if (thumbRatio < imageRatio) {  
            thumbHeight = (int)(thumbWidth / imageRatio);  
        } else {  
            thumbWidth = (int)(thumbHeight * imageRatio);  
        }  

        // draw original image to thumbnail image object and  
        // scale it to the new size on-the-fly  
        BufferedImage thumbImage = new BufferedImage(thumbWidth, 
        thumbHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);  
        Graphics2D graphics2D = thumbImage.createGraphics();  
        graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, 
        RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);  
        graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null);  

        // save thumbnail image to outFilename  
        BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream
        (new FileOutputStream(outFilename));  
        JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);  
        JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam(thumbImage);  
        quality = Math.max(0, Math.min(quality, 100));  
        param.setQuality((float)quality / 100.0f, false);  
        encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam(param);  
        encoder.encode(thumbImage);  
        out.close();  
    }

9、创建 JSON 格式的数据

import org.json.JSONObject;  
...  ...  JSONObject json = new JSONObject();  
json.put("city", "Mumbai");  
json.put("country", "India");  
...  String output = json.toString();  
...

10、使用iText JAR生成PDF

import java.io.File;  import java.io.FileOutputStream;  
import java.io.OutputStream;  import java.util.Date;  
import com.lowagie.text.Document;  
import com.lowagie.text.Paragraph;  
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;  
public class GeneratePDF {  

    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        try {  
            OutputStream file = new FileOutputStream
            (new File("C:\\Test.pdf"));  

            Document document = new Document();  
            PdfWriter.getInstance(document, file);  
            document.open();  
            document.add(new Paragraph("Hello Kiran"));  
            document.add(new Paragraph(new Date().toString()));  

            document.close();  
            file.close();  

        } catch (Exception e) {  

            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

11、HTTP 代理设置

System.getProperties().put("http.proxyHost", "someProxyURL");  
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyPort", "someProxyPort");  
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyUser", "someUserName");  
System.getProperties().put("http.proxyPassword", "somePassword");

12、单实例Singleton 示例

public class SimpleSingleton {  
    private static SimpleSingleton singleInstance =  new SimpleSingleton();  

    //Marking default constructor private  
    //to avoid direct instantiation.  
    private SimpleSingleton() {  
    }  

    //Get instance for class SimpleSingleton  
    public static SimpleSingleton getInstance() {  

        return singleInstance;  
    }  
}

另一种实现：

public enum SimpleSingleton {  
    INSTANCE;  
    public void doSomething() {  
    }  
}  

//Call the method from Singleton:  SimpleSingleton.INSTANCE.doSomething();

13、抓屏程序

import java.awt.Dimension;  import java.awt.Rectangle;  
import java.awt.Robot;  import java.awt.Toolkit;  
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;  
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;  import java.io.File;  ...  

public void captureScreen(String fileName) throws Exception {  

   Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();  
   Rectangle screenRectangle = new Rectangle(screenSize);  
   Robot robot = new Robot();  
   BufferedImage image = robot.createScreenCapture(screenRectangle);  
   ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File(fileName));  

}  
...

14、列出文件和目录

File dir = new File("directoryName");  
  String[] children = dir.list();  
  if (children == null) {  
      // Either dir does not exist or is not a directory  
  } else {  
      for (int i=0; i < children.length; i++) {  
          // Get filename of file or directory  
          String filename = children[i];  
      }  
  }  

  // It is also possible to filter the list of returned files.  
  // This example does not return any files that start with `.'.  
  FilenameFilter filter = new FilenameFilter() {  
      public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {  
          return !name.startsWith(".");  
      }  
  };  
  children = dir.list(filter);  

  // The list of files can also be retrieved as File objects  
  File[] files = dir.listFiles();  

  // This filter only returns directories  
  FileFilter fileFilter = new FileFilter() {  
      public boolean accept(File file) {  
          return file.isDirectory();  
      }  
  };  
  files = dir.listFiles(fileFilter);

15、创建ZIP和JAR文件

import java.util.zip.*;  
import java.io.*;  

public class ZipIt {  
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {  
        if (args.length < 2) {  
            System.err.println("usage: java ZipIt Zip.zip file1 file2 file3");  
            System.exit(-1);  
        }  
        File zipFile = new File(args[0]);  
        if (zipFile.exists()) {  
            System.err.println("Zip file already exists, please try another");  
            System.exit(-2);  
        }  
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(zipFile);  
        ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(fos);  
        int bytesRead;  
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  
        CRC32 crc = new CRC32();  
        for (int i=1, n=args.length; i < n; i++) {  
            String name = args[i];  
            File file = new File(name);  
            if (!file.exists()) {  
                System.err.println("Skipping: " + name);  
                continue;  
            }  
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(  
                new FileInputStream(file));  
            crc.reset();  
            while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {  
                crc.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead);  
            }  
            bis.close();  
            // Reset to beginning of input stream  
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(  
                new FileInputStream(file));  
            ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(name);  
            entry.setMethod(ZipEntry.STORED);  
            entry.setCompressedSize(file.length());  
            entry.setSize(file.length());  
            entry.setCrc(crc.getValue());  
            zos.putNextEntry(entry);  
            while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {  
                zos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);  
            }  
            bis.close();  
        }  
        zos.close();  
    }  
}

16、解析/读取XML 文件

XML文件

<?xml version="1.0"?> <students> 
    <student> 
        <name>John</name> 
        <grade>B</grade> 
        <age>12</age> 
    </student> 
    <student> 
        <name>Mary</name> 
        <grade>A</grade> 
        <age>11</age> 
    </student> 
    <student> 
        <name>Simon</name> 
        <grade>A</grade> 
        <age>18</age> 
    </student> </students>

Java代码：

package net.viralpatel.java.xmlparser;  

import java.io.File;  
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;  
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;  

import org.w3c.dom.Document;  
import org.w3c.dom.Element;  
import org.w3c.dom.Node;  
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;  

public class XMLParser {  

    public void getAllUserNames(String fileName) {  
        try {  
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();  
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();  
            File file = new File(fileName);  
            if (file.exists()) {  
                Document doc = db.parse(file);  
                Element docEle = doc.getDocumentElement();  

                // Print root element of the document  
                System.out.println("Root element of the document: " 
                        + docEle.getNodeName());  

                NodeList studentList = docEle.getElementsByTagName("student");  

                // Print total student elements in document  
                System.out  
                        .println("Total students: " + studentList.getLength());  

                if (studentList != null && studentList.getLength() > 0) {  
                    for (int i = 0; i < studentList.getLength(); i++) {  

                        Node node = studentList.item(i);  

                        if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {  

                            System.out  
                                    .println("=====================");  

                            Element e = (Element) node;  
                            NodeList nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("name");  
                            System.out.println("Name: " 
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)  
                                            .getNodeValue());  

                            nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("grade");  
                            System.out.println("Grade: " 
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)  
                                            .getNodeValue());  

                            nodeList = e.getElementsByTagName("age");  
                            System.out.println("Age: " 
                                    + nodeList.item(0).getChildNodes().item(0)  
                                            .getNodeValue());  
                        }  
                    }  
                } else {  
                    System.exit(1);  
                }  
            }  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            System.out.println(e);  
        }  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  

        XMLParser parser = new XMLParser();  
        parser.getAllUserNames("c:\\test.xml");  
    }  
}

18、发送邮件

import javax.mail.*;  
import javax.mail.internet.*;  
import java.util.*;  

public void postMail( String recipients[ ], String subject, String message , String from) 
throws MessagingException  
{  
    boolean debug = false;  

     //Set the host smtp address  
     Properties props = new Properties();  
     props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.example.com");  

    // create some properties and get the default Session  
    Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);  
    session.setDebug(debug);  

    // create a message  
    Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);  

    // set the from and to address  
    InternetAddress addressFrom = new InternetAddress(from);  
    msg.setFrom(addressFrom);  

    InternetAddress[] addressTo = new InternetAddress[recipients.length];  
    for (int i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++)  
    {  
        addressTo[i] = new InternetAddress(recipients[i]);  
    }  
    msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, addressTo);  

    // Optional : You can also set your custom headers in the Email if you Want  
    msg.addHeader("MyHeaderName", "myHeaderValue");  

    // Setting the Subject and Content Type  
    msg.setSubject(subject);  
    msg.setContent(message, "text/plain");  
    Transport.send(msg);  
}

19、发送代数据的HTTP 请求

import java.io.BufferedReader;  import java.io.InputStreamReader;  import java.net.URL;  public class Main {  
    public static void main(String[] args)  {  
        try {  
            URL my_url = new URL("http://coolshell.cn/");  
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(my_url.openStream()));  
            String strTemp = "";  
            while(null != (strTemp = br.readLine())){  
            System.out.println(strTemp);  
        }  
        } catch (Exception ex) {  
            ex.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

20、改变数组的大小

/** 
* Reallocates an array with a new size, and copies the contents 
* of the old array to the new array. 
* @param oldArray  the old array, to be reallocated. 
* @param newSize   the new array size. 
* @return          A new array with the same contents. 
*/ private static Object resizeArray (Object oldArray, int newSize) {  
   int oldSize = java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(oldArray);  
   Class elementType = oldArray.getClass().getComponentType();  
   Object newArray = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(  
         elementType,newSize);  
   int preserveLength = Math.min(oldSize,newSize);  
   if (preserveLength > 0)  
      System.arraycopy (oldArray,0,newArray,0,preserveLength);  
   return newArray;  
}  

// Test routine for resizeArray().  public static void main (String[] args) {  
   int[] a = {1,2,3};  
   a = (int[])resizeArray(a,5);  
   a[3] = 4;  
   a[4] = 5;  
   for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++)  
      System.out.println (a[i]);  
}