Android Camera中视频录制时要使用到MediaRecorder,在网上查阅相关资料时,发现这篇文章不错,就转载了过来,
源地址是:http://express.ruanko.com/ruanko-express_73/tech-overnight5.html
一、MediaRecorder类概述
Android的MediaRecorder包含了Audio和video的记录功能,在Android的界面上,Music和Video两个应用程序都是调用MediaRecorder实现的。MediaRecorder在底层是基于OpenCore(PacketVideo)的库实现的,为了构建一个MediaRecorder程序,上层还包含了进程间通讯等内容,这种进程间通讯的基础是Android基本库中的Binder机制。
1、MediaRecorder方法说明:
方法 | 说明 |
setAudioChannels(int numChannels) | 设置录制的音频通道数 |
setAudioEncoder(int audio_encoder) | 设置audio的编码格式 |
setAudioEncodingBitRate(int bitRate) | 设置录制的音频编码比特率 |
setAudioSamplingRate(int samplingRate) | 设置录制的音频采样率 |
setAudioSource(int audio_source) | 设置用于录制的音源 |
setAuxiliaryOutputFile(String path) | 辅助时间的推移视频文件的路径传递 |
setAuxiliaryOutputFile(FileDescriptor fd) | 在文件描述符传递的辅助时间的推移视频 |
setCamera(Camera c) | 设置一个recording的摄像头 |
setCaptureRate(double fps) | 设置视频帧的捕获率 |
setMaxDuration(int max_duration_ms) | 设置记录会话的最大持续时间(毫秒) |
setMaxFileSize(long max_filesize_bytes) | 设置记录会话的最大大小(以字节为单位) |
setOutputFile(FileDescriptor fd) | 传递要写入的文件的文件描述符 |
setOutputFile(String path) | 设置输出文件的路径 |
setOutputFormat(int output_format) | 设置在录制过程中产生的输出文件的格式 |
setPreviewDisplay(Surface sv) | 表面设置显示记录媒体(视频)的预览 |
setVideoEncoder(int video_encoder) | 设置视频编码器,用于录制 |
setVideoEncodingBitRate(int bitRate) | 设置录制的视频编码比特率 |
setVideoFrameRate(int rate) | 设置要捕获的视频帧速率 |
setVideoSize(int width, int height) | 设置要捕获的视频的宽度和高度 |
setVideoSource(int video_source) | 开始捕捉和编码数据到setOutputFile(指定的文件) |
2、MediaRecorder中音视频编码格式和资源说明:
- 视频编码格式:default,H263,H264,MPEG_4_SP
- 获得视频资源:default,CAMERA
- 音频编码格式:default,AAC,AMR_NB,AMR_WB
- 获得音频资源:defalut,camcorder,mic,voice_call,voice_communication,voice_downlink,voice_recognition, voice_uplink
- 输出方式:amr_nb,amr_wb,default,mpeg_4,raw_amr,three_gpp
例如:
recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); //设置音频源为麦克风
recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP);//设置声音格式为3gp
recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); //设置编码为AMR
recorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA); //设置视频源为Camera
recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4); //设置视频输出格式为MP4
recorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.MPEG_4_SP);//设置视频编码
recorder.setOutputFile(filePath); //设置视频输出路径
以上代码在android 2.3.3及以下版本可以运行,但是在更高版本的android系统中不能运行,所以更改后的代码为:
recorder.setCamera(camera); recorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);//视频源
recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); // 录音源为麦克风
recorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_LOW)); // 默认视频格式
二、Android 中MediaRecorder和Camera的关系
从功能的角度MediaRecorder一般包含音频,视频记录,视频预览的功能,Camera包含了取景区预览,静态图像捕获的功能。在Android中,应用程序自上而下分成JAVA应用,JAVA框架,JNI,C框架,具体实现几个部分。多媒体方面的程序尤其是这样。MediaRecorder 和Camera在Android中都有自上而下的架构,它们在顶层JAVA应用层,共用一个应用程序Camera(其中的程序也是独立的),在JAVA框 架和JNI层是独立的,主要的联系在于Camer的C框架以下的内容被MediaRecorder实现(也就是PVAuthor)所调用,作为 MediaRecorder实现的视频输入设备,它的作用是负责传输视频数据和提供显示预览。本身Camera C框架以下的代码基本提供了取景器预览(Preview)、视频数据流获取、静止图像获取三方面的功能,MediaRecorder实现使用其取景器预览和视频数据流获取的功能,而Camera的JNI使用其取景器预览和静止图像获取两方面的功能。
三、示例讲解
1、首先,我们需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明录制视频要用到的权限:
<!—摄像头-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<!—硬件支持-->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus"/>
<!—音频即声音-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<!—sd卡写入权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
2、其次,页面布局文件中要知道我们录制的是什么,必须要有SurfaceView提供界面预览:
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/videoView"
android:layout_below="@id/head_video"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:visibility="visible" >
</SurfaceView>
3、录制视频的Java代码主要实现代码:
开始录制视频:
try {
// 关闭预览并释放资源
if(camera!=null){
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
camera = null;
}
recorder = new MediaRecorder();
// 声明视频文件对象
myRecVideoFile = new File(fileName);
if(!myRecVideoFile.exists()){
myRecVideoFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
myRecVideoFile.createNewFile();
}
recorder.reset();
// 判断是否有前置摄像头,若有则打开,否则打开后置摄像头
int CammeraIndex=FindFrontCamera();
if(CammeraIndex==-1){
ToastUtil.TextToast(getApplicationContext(), "您的手机不支持前置摄像头", ToastUtil.LENGTH_SHORT);
CammeraIndex=FindBackCamera();
}
camera = Camera.open(CammeraIndex);
// 设置摄像头预览顺时针旋转90度,才能使预览图像显示为正确的,而不是逆时针旋转90度的。
camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
camera.unlock();
recorder.setCamera(camera); //设置摄像头为相机recorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);//视频源
recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); // 录音源为麦克风
recorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_LOW)); //设置视频和声音的编码为系统自带的格式
recorder.setOutputFile(myRecVideoFile.getAbsolutePath());
recorder.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface()); // 预览
recorder.setMaxFileSize(10*1024*1024); //设置视频文件的最大值为10M,单位B
//recorder.setMaxDuration(3*1000);//设置视频的最大时长,单位毫秒
//recorder.setOrientationHint(90);//视频旋转90度,没有用
recorder.prepare(); // 准备录像
recorder.start(); // 开始录像
handler.post(timeRun); // 调用Runable
recording = true; // 改变录制状态为正在录制
} catch (IOException e1) {
releaseMediaRecorder();
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
minute = 0;
second = 0;
recording = false;
btnStart.setEnabled(true);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
releaseMediaRecorder();
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
minute = 0;
second = 0;
recording = false;
btnStart.setEnabled(true);
}
停止录制视频:
if(recorder!=null){
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>recorder.stop();
recorder.release();
recorder = null;
minute = 0;
second = 0;
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
recording = false;
}
4、效果图:
5、完整示例代码:
JAVA代码:
public class VideoActivity extends BaseActivity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
private File myRecVideoFile;
private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
private TextView tvTime;
private TextView tvSize;
private Button btnStart;
private Button btnStop;
private Button btnCancel;
private MediaRecorder recorder;
private Handler handler;
private Camera camera;
private boolean recording; // 记录是否正在录像,fasle为未录像, true 为正在录像
private int minute = 0;
private int second = 0;
private String time="";
private String size="";
private String fileName;
private String name="";
/**
* 录制过程中,时间变化,大小变化
*/
private Runnable timeRun = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
long fileLength=myRecVideoFile.length();
if(fileLength<1024 && fileLength>0){
size=String.format("%dB/10M", fileLength);
}else if(fileLength>=1024 && fileLength<(1024*1024)){
fileLength=fileLength/1024;
size=String.format("%dK/10M", fileLength);
}else if(fileLength>(1024*1024*1024)){
fileLength=(fileLength/1024)/1024;
size=String.format("%dM/10M", fileLength);
}
second++;
if (second == 60) {
minute++;
second = 0;
}
time = String.format("%02d:%02d", minute, second);
tvSize.setText(size);
tvTime.setText(time);
handler.postDelayed(timeRun, 1000);
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.recorded_video);
setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.videoView);
mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();
mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
mSurfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
mSurfaceHolder.setKeepScreenOn(true);
handler = new Handler();
tvTime = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_video_time);
tvSize=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_video_size);
btnStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_video_stop);
btnStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_video_start);
btnCancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_video_cancel);
btnCancel.setOnClickListener(listener);
btnStart.setOnClickListener(listener);
btnStop.setOnClickListener(listener);
// 设置sdcard的路径
fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
name="video_" +System.currentTimeMillis() + ".mp4";
fileName += File.separator + File.separator+"Ruanko_Jobseeker"+File.separator+name;
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// 开启相机
if (camera == null) {
int CammeraIndex=FindFrontCamera();
if(CammeraIndex==-1){
ToastUtil.TextToast(getApplicationContext(), "您的手机不支持前置摄像头", ToastUtil.LENGTH_SHORT);
CammeraIndex=FindBackCamera();
}
camera = Camera.open(CammeraIndex);
try {
camera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder);
camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
camera.release();
}
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
// 开始预览
camera.startPreview();
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// 关闭预览并释放资源
if (camera != null) {
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
camera = null;
}
}
private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_video_stop:
if(recorder!=null){
releaseMediaRecorder();
minute = 0;
second = 0;
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
recording = false;
}
btnStart.setEnabled(true);
break;
case R.id.btn_video_start:
if(recorder!=null){
releaseMediaRecorder();
minute = 0;
second = 0;
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
recording = false;
}
recorder();
btnStart.setEnabled(false);
break;
case R.id.btn_video_cancel:
releaseMediaRecorder();
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
minute=0;
second=0;
recording = false;
VideoActivity.this.finish();
break;
}
}
};
//判断前置摄像头是否存在
private int FindFrontCamera(){
int cameraCount = 0;
Camera.CameraInfo cameraInfo = new Camera.CameraInfo();
cameraCount = Camera.getNumberOfCameras(); // get cameras number
for ( int camIdx = 0; camIdx < cameraCount;camIdx++ ) {
Camera.getCameraInfo( camIdx, cameraInfo ); // get camerainfo
if ( cameraInfo.facing ==Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT ) {
// 代表摄像头的方位,目前有定义值两个分别为CAMERA_FACING_FRONT前置和CAMERA_FACING_BACK后置
return camIdx;
}
}
return -1;
}
//判断后置摄像头是否存在
private int FindBackCamera(){
int cameraCount = 0;
Camera.CameraInfo cameraInfo = new Camera.CameraInfo();
cameraCount = Camera.getNumberOfCameras(); // get cameras number
for ( int camIdx = 0; camIdx < cameraCount;camIdx++ ) {
Camera.getCameraInfo( camIdx, cameraInfo ); // get camerainfo
if ( cameraInfo.facing ==Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK ) {
// 代表摄像头的方位,目前有定义值两个分别为CAMERA_FACING_FRONT前置和CAMERA_FACING_BACK后置
return camIdx;
}
}
return -1;
}
//释放recorder资源
private void releaseMediaRecorder(){
if (recorder != null) {
recorder.stop();
recorder.release();
recorder = null;
}
}
//开始录像
public void recorder() {
if (!recording) {
try {
// 关闭预览并释放资源
if(camera!=null){
camera.stopPreview();
camera.release();
camera = null;
}
recorder = new MediaRecorder();
// 声明视频文件对象
myRecVideoFile = new File(fileName);
if(!myRecVideoFile.exists()){
myRecVideoFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
myRecVideoFile.createNewFile();
}
recorder.reset();
// 判断是否有前置摄像头,若有则打开,否则打开后置摄像头
int CammeraIndex=FindFrontCamera();
if(CammeraIndex==-1){
ToastUtil.TextToast(getApplicationContext(), "您的手机不支持前置摄像头", ToastUtil.LENGTH_SHORT);
CammeraIndex=FindBackCamera();
}
camera = Camera.open(CammeraIndex);
// 设置摄像头预览顺时针旋转90度,才能使预览图像显示为正确的,而不是逆时针旋转90度的。
camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
camera.unlock();
recorder.setCamera(camera); //设置摄像头为相机recorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);//视频源
recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); // 录音源为麦克风
recorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_LOW));//设置视频和声音的编码为系统自带的格式
recorder.setOutputFile(myRecVideoFile.getAbsolutePath());
recorder.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface()); // 预览
recorder.setMaxFileSize(10*1024*1024); //设置视频文件的最大值为10M,单位B
//recorder.setMaxDuration(3*1000);//设置视频的最大时长,单位毫秒
//recorder.setOrientationHint(90);//视频旋转90度,没有用
recorder.prepare(); // 准备录像
recorder.start(); // 开始录像
handler.post(timeRun); // 调用Runable
recording = true; // 改变录制状态为正在录制
} catch (IOException e1) {
releaseMediaRecorder();
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
minute = 0;
second = 0;
recording = false;
btnStart.setEnabled(true);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
releaseMediaRecorder();
handler.removeCallbacks(timeRun);
minute = 0;
second = 0;
recording = false;
btnStart.setEnabled(true);
}
} else
ToastUtil.TextToast(getApplicationContext(), "视频录制中...", ToastUtil.LENGTH_SHORT);
}
}
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XML布局文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/videoView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:visibility="visible" >
</SurfaceView>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_video_size"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:textColor="@color/orange"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_video_time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@color/orange"
android:text="00:00"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:textSize="18sp"/>
<View
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:background="@drawable/btn_alpha"
android:alpha="0.5"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:paddingBottom="10dp"
android:paddingTop="10dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_video_stop"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:background="@drawable/btn_position_selector"
android:text="结束"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="18sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_video_start"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
android:background="@drawable/btn_position_selector"
android:text="开始"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="18sp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_video_cancel"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:background="@drawable/btn_position_selector"
android:text="取消"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="18sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
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