maven下使用junit对spring进行单元测试_01基本应用

https://my.oschina.net/dlpinghailinfeng/blog/336694

一、开发环境

maven版本:3.0.5

spring版本:spring3.2.3 release

junit版本:4.11

eclipse版本:3.7.2 r2

jdk版本:1.6 

二、文件清单

pom.xml

<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.5</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.5</version>
				<configuration>
					<skipTests>true</skipTests>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>

		</plugins>
	</build>

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
	<bean id="employee" name="employee" class="com.tfry.spring.Employee" autowire="default">
		<constructor-arg name="age" value="20"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg name="name" value="zhangsan"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>

</beans>

Employee.java

public class Employee {
	private Integer age;
	private String name;
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	
	
	public Employee(Integer age,String name){
		this.age=age;
		this.name=name;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString(){
		return "Employee name is "+name+",age is"+age;
		
	}

}

三、主要步骤

1.使用springframework提供的单元测试

包的路径:org.springframework.test.context.junit4下

只需要加入两个注解就可以实现单元测试的功能

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:ApplicationContext.xml"})

@RunWith 大家并不陌生,junit4里用它来做junit加载器

@ContextConfiguration 主要用来加载spring的配置文件路径:是一个字符串数组,可以加载多个spring配置文件

2.基本使用

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:ApplicationContext.xml"})
public class EmpolyeeTest {
	@Autowired
	ApplicationContext ctx;
	
	@Test
	public void testEmployee(){
		Employee employee =(Employee) ctx.getBean("employee");
		assertEquals("zhangsan",employee.getName());
	}

}

3.封装基于AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests的测试基类

SpringTest.java

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:ApplicationContext.xml"})
public class SpringTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {
	
	
   public <T> T getBean(Class<T> type){
   	return applicationContext.getBean(type);
   }
   
   public Object getBean(String beanName){
   	return applicationContext.getBean(beanName);
   }
   protected ApplicationContext getContext(){
   	return applicationContext;
   }

然后其他测试类只需要继承该类即可,可以省去每次都要绑定Application对象。

下一步就是在webapp中如何进行单元测试和如何结合hibernate等ORMapping框架进行单元测试。

最后附上源码

源码地址