异常继承

java异常继承结构图

可以从图中发现， Error, Exception都是继承于Throwable，
关于Error,Exception的异同点可以查看这里写链接内容

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本文描述在继承中有关异常的总结：

1. 基类中方法没有声明抛出异常时， 其子类重写该方法时也不能抛出任何异常

package com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal;

/**
 * Created by a123 on 16/12/25.
 */



public class ExceptionA extends ExceptionB {
    @Override
    public void testException() throws Exception{

    }

    public static void main(String[] args){}
}

class ExceptionB{
    public void testException(){

    }
}

/*
Error:(11, 17) java: com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionA中的testException()无法覆盖com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionB中的testException()
  被覆盖的方法未抛出java.lang.Exception
*/

2.基类方法抛出异常，子类要么不抛出异常， 要么抛出异常为基类方法抛出异常或基类方法抛出异常的子异常

package com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal;

/**
 * Created by a123 on 16/12/25.
 */


public class ExceptionA extends ExceptionB {
    @Override
    public void testException() throws Exception{

    }

    public static void main(String[] args){}
}

class ExceptionB{
    public void testException() throws ExceptionC{

    }
}

class ExceptionC extends Exception{

}

/**
Error:(11, 17) java: com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionA中的testException()无法覆盖com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionB中的testException()
  被覆盖的方法未抛出java.lang.Exception
*/

package com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal;

/**
 * Created by a123 on 16/12/25.
 */


public class ExceptionA extends ExceptionB {
    @Override
    public void testException() throws ExceptionC{

    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println("yes");
    }
}

class ExceptionB{
    public void testException() throws Exception{

    }
}

class ExceptionC extends Exception{

}

/**
yes

Process finished with exit code 0

*/

3 . 构造器不遵循上述规则，因为构造器不遵循JAVA的覆盖和重载规则。

class TestA {  
    public TestA() throws IOException {}  

    public TestA(int i) {}  
}  

class TestC extends TestA {  
    // compiles fine if current constructor doesn't throw anything.  
    public TestC() { super(0); }  
}  

class TestB extends TestA {  
    // compiles fine even if current constructor throws exceptions which don't  
    // inherit from exceptions that are thrown by the overrided method of the  
    // base class  
    // this also means constructors don't conform the inheriting system of JAVA  
    // class  
    public TestB() throws Exception {}  
}  

4 . 当一个类同时继承另一个类和实现一个接口是， 而这个接口和类中同时用一个相同的方法，但是这个方法抛出了不同的异常时， 这时子类方法要么选择不抛出异常， 要么抛出异常为接口方法和基类方法抛出异常的交集， 否则该方法编译报错

class ExceptionA extends Exception {
}

class ExceptionB extends Exception {

}

interface TestA {
    void method() throws ExceptionA;
}

abstract class TestB {
    abstract void method() throws ExceptionB;
}

class TestC extends TestB implements TestA {
    //compiles error  
    public void method() throws ExceptionA {
    }
}

class TestD extends TestB implements TestA {
    //compiles error  
    public void method() throws ExceptionB {
    }
}

class TestE extends TestB implements TestA {
    //compiles error  
    public void method() throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB {
    }
}

class TestF extends TestB implements TestA {
    //compiles fine  
    public void method() {
    }
}  
/**
Error:(23, 17) java: com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestC中的method()无法覆盖com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestB中的method()
  被覆盖的方法未抛出com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionA
Error:(29, 17) java: com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestD中的method()无法实现com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestA中的method()
  被覆盖的方法未抛出com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionB
  Error:(35, 17) java: com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestE中的method()无法实现com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.TestA中的method()
  被覆盖的方法未抛出com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal.ExceptionB
*/

package com.mjlf.myBatis.accessControl.animal;

//交集使用
class ExceptionA extends Exception {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    }
}

class ExceptionB extends Exception {

}

interface TestA {
    void method() throws ExceptionA, ExceptionB;
}

abstract class TestB {
    abstract void method() throws ExceptionB;
}

class TestC extends TestB implements TestA {
    public void method() throws ExceptionB {
    }
}

class TestD extends TestB implements TestA {
    public void method() throws ExceptionB {
    }
}

class TestE extends TestB implements TestA {
    public void method() throws ExceptionB {
    }
}

class TestF extends TestB implements TestA {
    //compiles fine  
    public void method() {
    }
}