Libusb库的使用

Libusb库的使用

转自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a5b632801009upv.html

 

使用libusb之前你的linux系统必须装有usb文件系统，这里还介绍了使用hiddev设备文件来访问设备，目的在于不仅可以比较出usb的易用性，还提供了一个转化成libusb驱动的案例。

3.1 find 设备

任何驱动第一步首先是寻找到要操作的设备，我们先来看看HID驱动是怎样寻找到设备的。我们假设寻找设备的函数Device_Find(注：代码只是为了方便解说，不保证代码的健全)

int Device_Find()

{

    char dir_str[100];  

    char hiddev[100];   

DIR dir;              

memset (dir_str, 0 , sizeof(dir_str));

memset (hiddev, 0 , sizeof(hiddev));

   

dir=opendir("/dev/usb/hid");

    if(dir){

       

        sprintf(dir_str,"/dev/usb/hid/");

        closedir(dir);

    }else{

       

        sprintf(dir_str,"/dev/usb/");

    }

   

for(i = 0; i < DEVICE_MINOR; i++) {

   

        sprintf(hiddev, "%shiddev%d", dir_str,i);

      

       fd = open(hiddev, O_RDWR);

       if(fd > 0) {

          

          ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGDEVINFO, &info);

   

             

           if(info.vendor== VENDOR_ID && info.product== PRODUCT_ID) {

               

                  

               device_num++;  

           }

           close(fd);

       }

    }

    return device_num;        

}

我们再来看libusb是如何来寻找和初始化设备

int Device_Find()

{

struct usb_bus             *busses;

    int                           device_num = 0;

    device_num = 0;      

   

    usb_init();           

    usb_find_busses();  

    usb_find_devices();

   

   

busses = usb_get_busses();

    struct usb_bus       *bus;

   

    for (bus = busses; bus; bus = bus->next) {

        struct usb_device *dev;

       

        for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {

          

if(dev->descriptor.idVendor==VENDOR_ID&& dev->descriptor.idProduct == PRODUCT_ID) {

               

                  

               device_num++;  

}              

        }       

    }

    return device_num;       

}

注：在新版本的libusb中，usb_get_busses就可以不用了，这个函数是返回系统上的usb总线链表句柄

这里我们直接用usb_busses变量，这个变量在usb.h中被定义为外部变量

所以可以直接写成这样：

struct usb_bus    *bus;

        for (bus = usb_busses; bus; bus = bus->next) {

               struct usb_device *dev;

        for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {

          

        }

}

3.2  打开设备

假设我们定义的打开设备的函数名是device_open,

int Device_Open()

{

    int handle;

   

handle = open(“hiddev0”, O_RDONLY);

}

int Device_Open()

{

struct usb_device*    udev;

usb_dev_handle*        device_handle;

device_handle = usb_open(udev);

}

3.3  读写设备和操作设备

假设我们的设备使用控制传输方式，至于批处理传输和中断传输限于篇幅这里不介绍

我们这里定义三个函数，Device_Write, Device_Read, Device_Report

Device_Report 功能发送接收函数

Device_Write 功能写数据

Device_Read   功能读数据

Device_Write和Device_Read调用Device_Report发送写的信息和读的信息，开发者根据发送的命令协议来设计，我们这里只简单实现发送数据的函数。

假设我们要给设备发送72字节的数据，头8个字节是报告头，是我们定义的和设备相关的规则，后64位是数据。

HID驱动的实现(这里只是用代码来有助理解，代码是伪代码)

int Device_Report(int fd, unsigned char *buffer72)

{

int       ret;

int      index;

    unsigned char send_data[72];

unsigned char recv_data[72];

    struct hiddev_usage_ref uref;

    struct hiddev_report_info rinfo;

    ret = ioctl(fd, HIDIOCINITREPORT, 0);

    if( ret !=0) {

        return NOT_OPENED_DEVICE;

    }

   

    for(index = 0; index < 72; index++) {

       

    uref.report_type = HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE;

    uref.report_id = HID_REPORT_ID_FIRST;

    uref.usage_index = index;

    uref.field_index = 0;

    uref.value = send_data[index];

    ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGUCODE, &uref);

    ret=ioctl(fd, HIDIOCSUSAGE, &uref);

    if(ret != 0 ){

           return UNKNOWN_ERROR;

    }

}

rinfo.report_type = HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE;

rinfo.report_id = HID_REPORT_ID_FIRST;

rinfo.num_fields = 1;

ret=ioctl(fd, HIDIOCSREPORT, &rinfo);  

if(ret != 0) {

        return WRITE_REPORT;

}

ret = ioctl(fd, HIDIOCINITREPORT, 0);

for(index = 0; index < 72; index++) {

    uref.report_type = HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE;

    uref.report_id = HID_REPORT_ID_FIRST;

    uref.usage_index = index;

    uref.field_index = 0;

    ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGUCODE, &uref);

    ret = ioctl(fd, HIDIOCGUSAGE, &uref);

    if(ret != 0 ) {

        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;

    }

    recv_data[index] = uref.value;

}

memcpy(buffer72, recv_data, 72);

return SUCCESS;

}

libusb驱动的实现

int Device_Report(int fd, unsigned char *buffer72)

{

   

    usb_dev_handle* Device_handle;

   

   

    unsigned char   send_data[72];

    unsigned char   recv_data[72];

   

    int              send_len;

    int             recv_len;

   

   

    memset(send_data, 0 , sizeof(send_data));

    memset(recv_data, 0 , sizeof(recv_data));

   

   

    Device_handle = (usb_dev_handle*)(g_list[fd].device_handle);

    if (Device_handle == NULL) {

        return NOT_OPENED_DEVICE;

}

usb_claim_interface(Device_handle, 0);

send_len = usb_control_msg(Device_handle,

USB_ENDPOINT_OUT + USB_TYPE_CLASS + USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,

                               HID_REPORT_SET,

                               0x300,

                               0,

                               send_data, 72, USB_TIMEOUT);

if (send_len < 0) {

        return WRITE_REPORT;

}

if (send_len != 72) {

        return send_len;

}

recv_len = usb_control_msg(Device_handle,

USB_ENDPOINT_IN + USB_TYPE_CLASS + USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,

                               HID_REPORT_GET,

                               0x300,

                                 0,

                               recv_data, 72, USB_TIMEOUT);

                                                   

    if (recv_len < 0) {

        printf("failed to retrieve report from USB device!/n");

        return READ_REPORT;

    }

   

    if (recv_len != 72) {

        return recv_len;

    }

   

   

   

    usb_release_interface(RY2_handle, 0);

    memcpy(buffer72, recv_data, 72);

return SUCCESS;

}

3.4  关闭设备

假设我们定义的关闭设备的函数名是Device_Close()

int Device_Close()

{

    int handle;

   

handle = open(“hiddev0”, O_RDONLY);

close( handle );

}

int Device_Close()

{

struct usb_device*    udev;

usb_dev_handle*        device_handle;

device_handle = usb_open(udev);

usb_close(device_handle);

}

libusb 的驱动框架

前面我们看了些主要的libusb函数的使用，这里我们把前面的内容归纳下：

一般的驱动应该都包含如下接口：

Device_Find();

Device_Open();

Device_Write();

Device_Read();

Device_Close();

具体代码如下：

#include <usb.h>

typedef struct

{

    struct usb_device*    udev;

    usb_dev_handle*        device_handle;

   

} device_descript;

#define USB_TIMEOUT     10000

#define VENDOR_ID    0xffff    

#define PRODUCT_ID   0xffff

#define DEVICE_MINOR 16

int     g_num;

device_descript g_list[ DEVICE_MINOR ];

int Device_Find()

{

    struct usb_bus       *bus;

    struct usb_device *dev;

    g_num = 0;

    usb_find_busses();

    usb_find_devices();

   

   

    for (bus = usb_busses; bus; bus = bus->next) {

        for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {

if(dev->descriptor.idVendor==VENDOR_ID&& dev->descriptor.idProduct == PRODUCT_ID) {

                   

                    if (g_num < DEVICE_MINOR) {

                     g_list[g_num].udev = dev;  

                     g_num ++;

                     }              

            }       

        }

    }

   

    return g_num;

}

int Device_Open()

{

   

    if(g_list[g_num].udev != NULL) {
        g_list[g_num].device_handle = usb_open(g_list[g_num].udev);

}

}

int DeviceWite(int handle)

{

   

}

int DeviceOpen(int handle)

{

   

}

void Device_close(int handle)

{

   

}

小结

     到此，使用libusb进行驱动开发介绍完了，通过对库所提供的API的使用可以体会到libusb的易用性。