一、Hibernate 中聚合函数的使用
Criteria接口的Projections类主要用于帮助Criteria接口完成数据的分组查询和统计功能:
List cats
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection(Projections.projectionList()
.add(Projections.rowCount())
.add(Projections.avg( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.max( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.min( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.groupProperty( " color " ))
).addOrder(Order.asc( " color " )).list();
.setProjection(Projections.projectionList()
.add(Projections.rowCount())
.add(Projections.avg( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.max( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.min( " weight " ))
.add(Projections.groupProperty( " color " ))
).addOrder(Order.asc( " color " )).list();
示例 代码相当于:
select color,count(*),avg(weight),max(weight),min(weight),min(weight) from cat group by color ordy color asc;
二、条件查询(Criteria Queries)
具有一个直观的、可扩展的条件查询API是Hibernate的特色。
1. 创建一个Criteria 实例
org.hibernate.Criteria接口表示特定持久类的一个查询。Session是 Criteria实例的工厂。
Criteria crit
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
);
crit.setMaxResults( 50 );
List cats = crit.list();
crit.setMaxResults( 50 );
List cats = crit.list();
2. 限制结果集内容
一个单独的查询条件是org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion 接口的一个实例。org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions类 定义了获得某些内置Criterion类型的工厂方法。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.add( Restrictions.between( " weight " , minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.add( Restrictions.between( " weight " , minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
约束可以按逻辑分组。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 0 ) ),
Restrictions.isNull( " age " )
) )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 0 ) ),
Restrictions.isNull( " age " )
) )
.list();
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.in( " name " , new String[] { " Fritz " , " Izi " , " Pk " } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull( " age " ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 0 ) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 1 ) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 2 ) ) )
) )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.in( " name " , new String[] { " Fritz " , " Izi " , " Pk " } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull( " age " ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 0 ) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 1 ) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 2 ) ) )
) )
.list();
Hibernate提供了相当多的内置criterion类型(Restrictions 子类), 但是尤其有用的是可以允许你直接使用SQL。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.sql( " lower({alias}.name) like lower(?) " , " Fritz% " , Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.sql( " lower({alias}.name) like lower(?) " , " Fritz% " , Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
{alias}占位符应当被替换为被查询实体的列别名。
Property实例是获得一个条件的另外一种途径。你可以通过调用Property.forName() 创建一个Property。
Property age
=
Property.forName(
"
age
"
);
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 0 ) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 1 ) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 2 ) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName( " name " ).in( new String[] { " Fritz " , " Izi " , " Pk " } ) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 0 ) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 1 ) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer( 2 ) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName( " name " ).in( new String[] { " Fritz " , " Izi " , " Pk " } ) )
.list();
3. 结果集排序
你可以使用org.hibernate.criterion.Order来为查询结果排序。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " name " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " age " ) )
.setMaxResults( 50 )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " name " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " age " ) )
.setMaxResults( 50 )
.list();
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Property.forName( " name " ).like( " F% " ) )
.addOrder( Property.forName( " name " ).asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName( " age " ).desc() )
.setMaxResults( 50 )
.list();
.add( Property.forName( " name " ).like( " F% " ) )
.addOrder( Property.forName( " name " ).asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName( " age " ).desc() )
.setMaxResults( 50 )
.list();
4. 关联
你可以使用createCriteria()非常容易的在互相关联的实体间建立 约束。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.createCriteria( " kittens " )
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.list();
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.createCriteria( " kittens " )
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " F% " )
.list();
注意第二个 createCriteria()返回一个新的 Criteria实例,该实例引用kittens 集合中的元素。
接下来,替换形态在某些情况下也是很有用的。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.createAlias( " kittens " , " kt " )
.createAlias( " mate " , " mt " )
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty( " kt.name " , " mt.name " ) )
.list();
.createAlias( " kittens " , " kt " )
.createAlias( " mate " , " mt " )
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty( " kt.name " , " mt.name " ) )
.list();
(createAlias()并不创建一个新的 Criteria实例。)
Cat实例所保存的之前两次查询所返回的kittens集合是 没有被条件预过滤的。如果你希望只获得符合条件的kittens, 你必须使用returnMaps()。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.createCriteria( " kittens " , " kt " )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " name " , " F% " ) )
.returnMaps()
.list();
Iterator iter = cats.iterator();
while ( iter.hasNext() ) {
Map map = (Map) iter.next();
Cat cat = (Cat) map.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
Cat kitten = (Cat) map.get( " kt " );
}
.createCriteria( " kittens " , " kt " )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " name " , " F% " ) )
.returnMaps()
.list();
Iterator iter = cats.iterator();
while ( iter.hasNext() ) {
Map map = (Map) iter.next();
Cat cat = (Cat) map.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
Cat kitten = (Cat) map.get( " kt " );
}
5. 动态关联抓取
你可以使用setFetchMode()在运行时定义动态关联抓取的语义。
List cats
=
sess.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.setFetchMode( " mate " , FetchMode.EAGER)
.setFetchMode( " kittens " , FetchMode.EAGER)
.list();
.add( Restrictions.like( " name " , " Fritz% " ) )
.setFetchMode( " mate " , FetchMode.EAGER)
.setFetchMode( " kittens " , FetchMode.EAGER)
.list();
这个查询可以通过外连接抓取mate和kittens。 查看第 20.1 节 “ 抓取策略(Fetching strategies) ”可以获得更多信息。
6. 查询示例
org.hibernate.criterion.Example类允许你通过一个给定实例 构建一个条件查询。
Cat cat
=
new
Cat();
cat.setSex( ' F ' );
cat.setColor(Color.BLACK);
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.list();
cat.setSex( ' F ' );
cat.setColor(Color.BLACK);
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.list();
版本属性、标识符和关联被忽略。默认情况下值为null的属性将被排除。
你可以自行调整Example使之更实用。
Example example
=
Example.create(cat)
.excludeZeroes() // exclude zero valued properties
.excludeProperty( " color " ) // exclude the property named "color"
.ignoreCase() // perform case insensitive string comparisons
.enableLike(); // use like for string comparisons
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add(example)
.list();
.excludeZeroes() // exclude zero valued properties
.excludeProperty( " color " ) // exclude the property named "color"
.ignoreCase() // perform case insensitive string comparisons
.enableLike(); // use like for string comparisons
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add(example)
.list();
你甚至可以使用examples在关联对象上放置条件。
List results
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.createCriteria( " mate " )
.add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) )
.list();
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.createCriteria( " mate " )
.add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) )
.list();
7. 投影(Projections)、聚合(aggregation)和分组(grouping)
org.hibernate.criterion.Projections是 Projection 的实例工厂。我们通过调用 setProjection()应用投影到一个查询。
List results
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " color " , Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Projections.avg( " weight " ) )
.add( Projections.max( " weight " ) )
.add( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ) )
)
.list();
.setProjection( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Restrictions.eq( " color " , Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Projections.avg( " weight " ) )
.add( Projections.max( " weight " ) )
.add( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ) )
)
.list();
在一个条件查询中没有必要显式的使用 "group by" 。某些投影类型就是被定义为 分组投影,他们也出现在SQL的group by子句中。
你可以选择把一个别名指派给一个投影,这样可以使投影值被约束或排序所引用。下面是两种不同的实现方式:
List results
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ), " colr " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " colr " ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ).as( " colr " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " colr " ) )
.list();
.setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ), " colr " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " colr " ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ).as( " colr " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " colr " ) )
.list();
alias()和as()方法简便的将一个投影实例包装到另外一个 别名的Projection实例中。简而言之,当你添加一个投影到一个投影列表中时 你可以为它指定一个别名:
List results
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount(), " catCountByColor " )
.add( Projections.avg( " weight " ), " avgWeight " )
.add( Projections.max( " weight " ), " maxWeight " )
.add( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ), " color " )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc( " catCountByColor " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " avgWeight " ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic. class , " cat " )
.createAlias( " kittens " , " kit " )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.property( " cat.name " ), " catName " )
.add( Projections.property( " kit.name " ), " kitName " )
)
.addOrder( Order.asc( " catName " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " kitName " ) )
.list();
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount(), " catCountByColor " )
.add( Projections.avg( " weight " ), " avgWeight " )
.add( Projections.max( " weight " ), " maxWeight " )
.add( Projections.groupProperty( " color " ), " color " )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc( " catCountByColor " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " avgWeight " ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic. class , " cat " )
.createAlias( " kittens " , " kit " )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.property( " cat.name " ), " catName " )
.add( Projections.property( " kit.name " ), " kitName " )
)
.addOrder( Order.asc( " catName " ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc( " kitName " ) )
.list();
你也可以使用Property.forName()来表示投影:
List results
=
session.createCriteria(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection( Property.forName( " name " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " color " ).eq(Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount().as( " catCountByColor " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg().as( " avgWeight " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " weight " ).max().as( " maxWeight " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " color " ).group().as( " color " )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc( " catCountByColor " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " avgWeight " ) )
.list();
.setProjection( Property.forName( " name " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " color " ).eq(Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount().as( " catCountByColor " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg().as( " avgWeight " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " weight " ).max().as( " maxWeight " ) )
.add( Property.forName( " color " ).group().as( " color " )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc( " catCountByColor " ) )
.addOrder( Order.desc( " avgWeight " ) )
.list();
8. 离线(detached)查询和子查询
DetachedCriteria类使你在一个session范围之外创建一个查询,并且可以使用任意的 Session来执行它。
DetachedCriteria query
=
DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.
class
)
.add( Property.forName( " sex " ).eq( ' F ' ) );
Session session =
.;
Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction();
List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults( 100 ).list();
txn.commit();
session.close();
.add( Property.forName( " sex " ).eq( ' F ' ) );
Session session =
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/9b8a8a44dd1c74ae49c20a7cd451974e.gif)
Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction();
List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults( 100 ).list();
txn.commit();
session.close();
DetachedCriteria也可以用以表示子查询。条件实例包含子查询可以通过 Subqueries或者Property获得。
DetachedCriteria avgWeight
=
DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.
class
)
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg() );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Property.forName( " weight).gt(avgWeight) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ) );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Subqueries.geAll( " weight " , weights) )
.list();
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg() );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Property.forName( " weight).gt(avgWeight) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat. class )
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ) );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class )
.add( Subqueries.geAll( " weight " , weights) )
.list();
甚至相互关联的子查询也是有可能的:
DetachedCriteria avgWeightForSex
=
DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.
class
,
"
cat2
"
)
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg() )
.add( Property.forName( " cat2.sex " ).eqProperty( " cat.sex " ) );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class , " cat " )
.add( Property.forName( " weight).gt(avgWeightForSex) )
.list();
.setProjection( Property.forName( " weight " ).avg() )
.add( Property.forName( " cat2.sex " ).eqProperty( " cat.sex " ) );
session.createCriteria(Cat. class , " cat " )
.add( Property.forName( " weight).gt(avgWeightForSex) )
.list();