H2内存型数据库
H2概述
H2是一个开源的、内存型嵌入式(非嵌入式设备)数据库引擎,它是一个用Java开发的类库,可直接嵌入到应用程序中,与应用程序一起打包发布,不受平台限制。更多H2的资料请参考官方文档(http://www.h2database.com/html/tutorial.html)。
创建一个Spring Boot项目,项目名为spring-boot-h2,
在spring-boot-h2项目的pom.xml文件中添加H2的依赖,具体代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.shrimpking</groupId>
<artifactId>demo10</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo10</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa依赖:Spring Data JPA是Spring Data的一个子项目,它通过提供基于JPA的Respository,极大地减少了JPA作为数据访问方案的代码量。通过Spring Data JPA框架,开发者可以省略实现持久层业务逻辑的工作,唯一要做的就只是声明持久层的接口,其他都交给Spring Data JPA来帮你完成。
lombok依赖:Lombok能以简单的注解形式来简化Java代码,提高开发人员的开发效率。例如开发中经常需要写JavaBean,都需要花时间去添加相应的getter/setter方法,也许还要去写构造器、equals等方法。这些显得很冗长也没有太多技术含量,一旦修改属性,就容易出现忘记修改对应方法的失误。
Lombok能通过注解的方式,在编译时自动为属性生成构造器、getter/setter、equals、hashcode、toString等方法。在源代码中没有getter和setter方法,但是在编译生成的字节码文件中有getter和setter方法。这样就省去了手动重建这些代码的麻烦,使代码看起来更简洁。
在/resources目录下创建配置文件application-test.properties,并添加如下配置:
server.port=8089
#是否生成ddl语句
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false
#是否打印sql语句
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
#自动生成ddl,由于指定了具体的ddl,此处设置为none
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
#使用h2数据库
spring.datasource.platform=h2
#h2驱动
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
#指定生成数据库的schema文件
spring.datasource.schema=classpath:/db/schema.sql
#指定插入数据库语句的脚本位置
spring.datasource.data=classpath:/db/data.sql
在resources/db目录下创建data.sql文件和schema.sql文件,schema.sql用于定义数据库表的结构,data.sql为数据库表的初始化数据。
create table av_user(
id bigint not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(20) default null,
url varchar(200) default null
) engine=InnoDB default charset=utf8;
insert into av_user (id,name,url) values (1,'av','https://www.baidu.com');
insert into av_user (id,name,url) values (2,'bv','https://www.163.com');
上述代码中,我们创建了用户表av_user,同时往表里插入2条数据。随着项目启动,数据初始化到内存中,停止项目,数据消失。 开发UserRepository和User类,具体代码如下:
package com.shrimpking.h2;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2024/1/15 10:16
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "av_user")
@Data
public class AvUser
{
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String name;
private String url;
}
package com.shrimpking.h2;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2024/1/15 10:20
*/
@Repository
public interface AvUserRepository extends JpaRepository<AvUser,Long>
{
AvUser findByName(String name);
}
上述代码中,我们创建了av_user表对应的实体类User,同时开发了UserRepository类,用来与H2数据库交互,查询数据。类中定义了findByName方法,作用是通过用户名查询用户。在测试类中开发测试用例,具体代码如下:
package com.shrimpking;
import com.shrimpking.h2.AvUser;
import com.shrimpking.h2.AvUserRepository;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2024/1/15 10:21
*/
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@TestPropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class MyTest
{
@Resource
private AvUserRepository avUserRepository;
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = new AvUser();
avUser.setName("cv");
avUser.setUrl("https://www.nn.com");
AvUser result = this.avUserRepository.save(avUser);
Assertions.assertThat(result).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void testFindOne() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = this.avUserRepository.findById(1L).get();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser).isNotNull();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser.getId()).isEqualTo(1);
}
@Test
public void testFindByName() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = this.avUserRepository.findByName("bv");
Assertions.assertThat(avUser).isNotNull();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser.getName()).isEqualTo("bv");
}
}
package com.shrimpking;
import com.shrimpking.h2.AvUser;
import com.shrimpking.h2.AvUserRepository;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2024/1/15 10:21
*/
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@TestPropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class MyTest
{
@Resource
private AvUserRepository avUserRepository;
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = new AvUser();
avUser.setName("cv");
avUser.setUrl("https://www.nn.com");
AvUser result = this.avUserRepository.save(avUser);
Assertions.assertThat(result).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void testFindOne() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = this.avUserRepository.findById(1L).get();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser).isNotNull();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser.getId()).isEqualTo(1);
}
@Test
public void testFindByName() throws Exception{
AvUser avUser = this.avUserRepository.findByName("bv");
Assertions.assertThat(avUser).isNotNull();
Assertions.assertThat(avUser.getName()).isEqualTo("bv");
}
}
@TestPropertySource:该注解可以用来指定读取的配置文件,目前该测试类读取的配置文件为application-test.properties。
testSave方法:测试用户保存是否成功。
testFindOne方法:测试通过用户id查询用户。
testFindByName方法:测试通过用户名查询用户
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