linux下mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz源程序包安装实例

研究了好几天，终于把mysql装上了，现在来做下小结。

系统环境：fedora8 虚拟机。

1、检查安装使用的编译工具gcc是否存在，如果不存在则要下载安装

# gcc -v

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2、卸载低版本的mysql，命令如下：

# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//查询系统中已安装的mysql相关软件包</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

mysql-devel-3.23.54a-11

mysql-3.23.54a-11

mysql-server-3.23.54a-11

# service mysqld stop<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//停止mysql服务</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# rpm -e mysql-devel-3.23.54a-11 --nodeps<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//卸载mysql服务器</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# rpm -e mysql-3.23.54a-11 --nodeps<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//卸载mysql服务器</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# rpm -e mysql-server-3.23.54a-11 --nodeps<wbr><wbr><wbr>//卸载mysql服务器</wbr></wbr></wbr>

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3、先安装ncurses-5.9.tar.gz,否则mysql编译安装时出错，还有奇怪的是ncurses

-5.6安装不了。命令如下：

# cd ../ncurses-5.9

# ./configure --with-shared --with-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite

# make && make install

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4、添加mysql用户及组

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql mysql

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5、将mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz及cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz放到/usr/local/src文件夹下并解压缩。

可以在windows下下载好这另个源程序包，然后使用“SSH Secure File Transfer Client”传到虚拟机的linux中。

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6、解压这两个压缩包

# var zxvf mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz

# var zxvf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz

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7、安装cmake

安装cmake的目的是，自mysql5.5及以上的源程序包，不再包括configure文件，因此不能直接安装，需要使用cmake来进行安装，（这算不算强制安装软件？）cmake的安装大致步骤为：

# cd /usr/local/src/cmake-2.8.11.2

#<wbr>./configure<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//cmake仍然可以用configure命令来安装,在此，最好不要指定安装路径,</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//以免后面安装mysql时提示找不到cmake</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# make && make install

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8、进入mysql解压后的源程序包

# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.27

#<wbr>cmake<wbr>-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql<wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# make && make install

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9、不要以为make install后就大功告成了，后面的事情还多着——

<wbr>创建mysql数据库服务器的配置文件，可以使用源代码包support-files目录中的my-medium.cnf文件作为模板，将其复制到/etc/目录下，命名为my.cnf。命令如下：</wbr>

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

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10、创建mysql授权表。进入到安装目录下，执行bin目录下的mysql_install_db脚本，来初始化mysql数据库的授权表，其中存储了服务器访问允许。命令如下：

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# scripts/mysql_install_db --usr=mysql<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//创建授权表，有的低版本的mysql不是在<wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//scripts目录下，而是在bin目录下</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

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11、更改权限，将程序的二进制的所有权改为root用户，数据目录的所有权改为允许mysqld程序的mysql用户。

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# chown -R root .<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//将文件的所有属性改为root用户</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chown -R mysql data<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//将数据目录的所有属性改为mysql用户，老版本的是var目录</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chgrp -R mysql .<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//将组属性改为mysql组</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

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12、启动mysql服务

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

# ps -le | grep mysqld<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//查看mysql进程是否启动</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# netstat -tnl|grep 3306<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//查看3306是否开启，listen状态说明mysql服务启动成功</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

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13、使用mysqladmin验证服务器在运行中。

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# bin/mysqladmin version //查看运行的mysql版本

# bin/mysqladmin<wbr>variables //查看所有mysql参数</wbr>

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14、设置访问权限

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# bin/mysql -u root<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//启动mysql客户端控制台，连接mysql服务器</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

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15、删除匿名用户

mysql>DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE Host='localhost'AND User='';

mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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16、为root账户添加密码，并使用PASSWORD()函数加密密码。

mysql>SET PASSWORD FOR'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('123456');

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17、退出mysql客户端控制台

mysql> exit<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//退出mysql客户端控制台</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

mysql>bin/mysql -u root -h localhost -p<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//进入mysql客户端控制台</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

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18、关闭mysql数据库

# bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

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19、设置mysql数据库为开机自动启动

# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.27<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//进入mysql安装包</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//复制文件</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chown root.root /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//修改权限</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

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20、使用chkconfig 命令设置在不同系统运行级别下的自启动策略

# chkconfig --add mysqld<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//添加mysqld服务，让chkconfig指令得以管理它</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chkconfig --level 3 mysql on<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//在字符模式启动时自动开启mysqld服务</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chkconfig --level<wbr>5 mysql on<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//在图形模式启动时自动开启mysqld服务</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

# chkconfig --list mysqld<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>//检查设置是否生效</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>