用途说明
ifconfig命令常用来显示系统中的网络接口(网卡)信息,也可以用来配置网络接口(configurea network interface),如激活、关闭、设置地址等。在Linux系统中,网卡命名规律:eth0为第一块以太网卡(Ethernet Card),eth1为第二块。lo为环回接口,它的IP地址固定为127.0.0.1,掩码8位。
常用参数
格式:ifconfig
显示当前激活的网络接口信息。
If no arguments aregiven, ifconfig displays the status of the currently active interfaces.
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE}
显示指定网络接口的信息。比如:eth0,eth1。
If a singleinterface argument is given, it displays the status of the giveninterface only;
格式:ifconfig -a
显示所有网络接口的信息,无论是否激活。
if a single -aargument is given, it displays the status of all interfaces, even those thatare down.
Display info on allnetwork interfaces on server, active or inactive.
其他格式,用来配置网络接口。
Otherwise, itconfigures an interface.
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} up
格式:ifup {INTERFACE}
激活指定网络接口。比如:eth0,eth1。
This flag causes the interface to be activated. It is implicitlyspecified if an address is assigned to the interface.
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} down
格式:ifdown{INTERFACE}
关闭指定网络接口。
This flag causes thedriver for this interface to be shut down.
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} {IP}
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} {IP} netmask {NETMASK}
为指定网络接口设置IP地址和掩码,并自动激活。比如:eth0,eth0:0, eth0:1,后两个为虚拟网卡。
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} add {IP}
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE}:0 {IP}
为指定网络接口添加IP地址。
格式:ifconfig{INTERFACE} del {IP}
为指定网络接口删除IP地址。
使用示例
示例一 通过ifconfig命令查看当前网络接口及状态
ifconfig不带参数,只打印处于激活状态的网络接口。
[root@jfht ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:78:40:8C:20
inet addr:211.103.28.xx Bcast:211.103.28.31 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::21b:78ff:fe40:8c20/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:134856806 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:140723373 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1680519599 (1.5 GiB) TX bytes:2804853589 (2.6 GiB)
Interrupt:114 Memory:fa000000-fa012800
现在解释一下输出信息的含义:
eth0:网络接口
linkencap:网络类型
HWaddr:网卡物理地址
Inet addr:IP地址
Bcast:广播地址
Mask:子网掩码
UP:正在使用的网络接口
RXpackets,TX packets接收和传输的数据包个数
RX byte,TXbyte表示接搜和传输的具体数目
Interrupt:终端信息
Baseaddress:内存地址
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:78:40:8C:22
inet addr:192.168.1.191 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21b:78ff:fe40:8c22/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:29821173 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28680326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4264958692 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:427504706 (407.7 MiB)
Interrupt:122 Memory:f8000000-f8012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:30263265 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:30263265 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:63016162 (60.0 MiB) TX bytes:63016162 (60.0 MiB)
ifconfig命令跟上-a参数,打印所有配置的网络接口,不论其是否激活。
[root@jfht ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:78:40:8C:20
inet addr:211.103.28.xx Bcast:211.103.28.31 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::21b:78ff:fe40:8c20/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:134856877 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:140723396 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1680524793 (1.5 GiB) TX bytes:2804859207 (2.6 GiB)
Interrupt:114 Memory:fa000000-fa012800
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:78:40:8C:22
inet addr:192.168.1.191 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21b:78ff:fe40:8c22/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:29821183 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28680336 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4264959332 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:427505346 (407.7 MiB)
Interrupt:122 Memory:f8000000-f8012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:30263271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:30263271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:63016642 (60.0 MiB) TX bytes:63016642 (60.0 MiB)
sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4
NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
ifconfig命令跟上指定网络接口名称,就可以查看具体的网卡信息了。
[root@jfht ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:78:40:8C:22
inet addr:192.168.1.191 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::21b:78ff:fe40:8c22/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:29821190 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28680343 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4264959780 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:427505794 (407.7 MiB)
Interrupt:122 Memory:f8000000-f8012800
[root@jfht ~]#
示例二 在VMWare虚拟机中用ifconfig命令关闭和激活网卡
VMWare虚拟机,网络连接采用NAT方式,操作系统为RHEL3.4。从Windows的cmd窗口通过ping命令来确认。
开始时,eth0处于激活状态。
C:\Users\zhy>ping 192.168.227.128
正在 Ping192.168.227.128 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.227.128 的Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 4,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短= 0ms,最长 = 0ms,平均 = 0ms
在Linux的console中执行 ifconfig eth0 down 命令之后,就无法ping通了。
C:\Users\zhy>ping 192.168.227.128
正在 Ping192.168.227.128 具有 32 字节的数据:
请求超时。
请求超时。
来自 192.168.227.1的回复: 目标主机无法访问。
请求超时。
192.168.227.128 的Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 1,丢失 = 3 (75% 丢失),
在Linux的console中执行 ifconfig eth0 up 命令之后,又可以ping通了。
C:\Users\zhy>ping 192.168.227.128
正在 Ping192.168.227.128 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.128的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.227.128 的Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 4,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短= 0ms,最长 = 0ms,平均 = 0ms
示例三 为一块网卡配置多个地址
在eth0上已经有一个ip地址了,再在其上增加一个ip地址。
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14766 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18009 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1530995 (1.4 Mb) TX bytes:3088071 (2.9 Mb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2310 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2310 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:203796 (199.0 Kb) TX bytes:203796 (199.0 Kb)
[root@node34 root]#
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.227.188 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14878 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18097 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1541605 (1.4 Mb) TX bytes:3097295 (2.9 Mb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.188 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14883 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18106 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1541935 (1.4 Mb) TX bytes:3098261 (2.9 Mb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:203972 (199.1 Kb) TX bytes:203972 (199.1 Kb)
C:\Users\zhy>ping 192.168.227.188
正在 Ping192.168.227.188 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.227.188的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.188的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.188的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.227.188的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.227.188 的Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 4,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短= 0ms,最长 = 0ms,平均 = 0ms
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig eth0:1 del 192.168.227.188
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:15306 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18496 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1585467 (1.5 Mb) TX bytes:3141665 (2.9 Mb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.189 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:15311 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:18505 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1585797 (1.5 Mb) TX bytes:3142711 (2.9 Mb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:2322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:204852 (200.0 Kb) TX bytes:204852 (200.0 Kb)
C:\Users\zhy>ping 192.168.227.188
正在 Ping192.168.227.188 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.227.1的回复: 目标主机无法访问。
请求超时。
请求超时。
请求超时。
192.168.227.188 的Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4,已接收 = 1,丢失 = 3 (75% 丢失),
示例四 使用ifconfig命令配置的网络设置,在机器重启之后就无效了
用ifconfig命令配置的网卡信息,在网卡重启后机器重启后,配置就不存在。要想将上述的配置信息永远的存的电脑里,那就要修改网卡的配置文件了。
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.227.189
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:215 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:251 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21887 (21.3 Kb) TX bytes:22716 (22.1 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.189 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:215 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:251 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:21887 (21.3 Kb) TX bytes:22716 (22.1 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:394 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:394 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:29423 (28.7 Kb) TX bytes:29423 (28.7 Kb)
[root@node34 root]# reboot
Broadcast messagefrom root (pts/1) (Thu Jul 21 19:49:25 2011):
The system is goingdown for reboot NOW!
[root@node34 root]#
Last login: Wed Jul20 12:19:18 2011 from 192.168.227.1
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:77 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8916 (8.7 Kb) TX bytes:10906 (10.6 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:354 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:354 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:25651 (25.0 Kb) TX bytes:25651 (25.0 Kb)
[root@node34 root]#
示例五 系统中网络接口配置文件样本,采用DHCP方式,并增加虚拟网卡
[root@node34 root]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
[root@node34 root]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0
DEVICE=eth0:0
ONBOOT=yes
#BOOTPROTO=dhcp
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.227.227
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@node34 root]# service network restart
正在关闭接口eth0: [ 确定 ]
关闭环回接口: [ 确定 ]
设置网络参数: [ 确定 ]
弹出环回接口: [ 确定 ]
弹出界面eth0: [ 确定 ]
[root@node34 root]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.128 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40273 (39.3 Kb) TX bytes:37785 (36.8 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E3:D2:65
inet addr:192.168.227.227 Bcast:192.168.227.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40273 (39.3 Kb) TX bytes:37785 (36.8 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:355 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:355 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:25703 (25.1 Kb) TX bytes:25703 (25.1 Kb)
[root@node34 root]#
示例六 系统中网络接口配置文件样本,固定IP地址
[root@jfht ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# BroadcomCorporation NetXtreme II BCM5706 Gigabit Ethernet
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=211.103.28.31
HWADDR=00:1B:78:40:8C:20
IPADDR=211.103.28.xx
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.224
NETWORK=211.103.28.0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@jfht ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
# BroadcomCorporation NetXtreme II BCM5706 Gigabit Ethernet
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
HWADDR=00:1B:78:40:8C:22
IPADDR=192.168.1.191
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@jfht ~]#