Linux pstree --以树状图显示进程间的关系

用途说明

pstree命令以树状图显示进程间的关系(displaya tree of processes)。ps命令可以显示当前正在运行的那些进程的信息,但是对于它们之间的关系却显示得不够清晰。在Linux系统中,系统调用fork 可以创建子进程,通过子shell也可以创建子进程,Linux系统中进程之间的关系天生就是一棵树,树的根就是进程PID1init进程。

 

常用参数

格式:pstree

以树状图显示进程,只显示进程的名字,且相同进程合并显示。

 

格式:pstree -p

以树状图显示进程,还显示进程PID。

 

格式:pstree<pid>

格式:pstree -p<pid>

以树状图显示进程PID为<pid>的进程以及子孙进程,如果有-p参数则同时显示每个进程的PID

 

格式:pstree -a

以树状图显示进程,相同名称的进程不合并显示,并且会显示命令行参数,如果有-p参数则同时显示每个进程的PID。

 

因为pstree输出的信息可能比较多,所以最好与more/less配合使用。

 

使用示例

示例一

[root@web ~]# pstree

init-+-acpid

    |-atd

    |-auditd-+-audispd---{audispd}

    |        `-{auditd}

    |-automount---4*[{automount}]

    |-avahi-daemon---avahi-daemon

    |-crond---5*[crond-+-mj.sh]

    |                 `-sendmail]

    |-cupsd

    |-dbus-daemon---{dbus-daemon}

    |-events/0

    |-events/1

    |-gam_server

    |-gpm

    |-hald---hald-runner-+-hald-addon-acpi

    |                   |-hald-addon-keyb

    |                   `-hald-addon-stor

    |-hcid

    |-hidd

    |-hpiod

    |-java-+-java---17*[{java}]

    |      `-14*[{java}]

    |-java-+-java---29*[{java}]

    |      `-14*[{java}]

    |-java-+-java---34*[{java}]

    |      `-14*[{java}]

    |-java---20*[{java}]

    |-java---292*[{java}]

    |-khelper

    |-klogd

    |-krfcommd

    |-ksoftirqd/0

    |-ksoftirqd/1

    |-kthread-+-aio/0

    |         |-aio/1

    |         |-ata/0

    |         |-ata/1

    |         |-ata_aux

    |         |-cqueue/0

    |         |-cqueue/1

    |         |-hd-audio0

    |         |-kacpid

    |         |-kauditd

    |         |-kblockd/0

    |         |-kblockd/1

    |         |-khubd

    |         |-khungtaskd

    |         |-2*[kjournald]

    |         |-kmpath_handlerd

    |         |-kmpathd/0

    |         |-kmpathd/1

    |         |-kondemand/0

    |         |-kondemand/1

    |         |-kpsmoused

    |         |-kseriod

    |         |-ksnapd

    |         |-kstriped

    |         |-kswapd0

    |         |-2*[pdflush]

    |         |-rpciod/0

    |         |-rpciod/1

    |         |-scsi_eh_0

    |         |-scsi_eh_1

    |         |-scsi_eh_2

    |         |-scsi_eh_3

    |         |-scsi_eh_4

    |         `-scsi_eh_5

    |-loop0

    |-mcstransd

    |-migration/0

    |-migration/1

    |-6*[mingetty]

    |-mj.sh---make---java---11*[{java}]

    |-ntpd

    |-pcscd---{pcscd}

    |-portmap

    |-python

    |-restorecond

    |-rpc.idmapd

    |-rpc.statd

    |-screen---bash---update.sh---cvs

    |-sendmail---2*[sendmail]

    |-sendmail

    |-setroubleshootd---2*[{setroubleshootd}]

    |-smartd

    |-sshd-+-sshd---bash---update_and_rest---cvs

    |      |-sshd---bash---pstree

    |      `-sshd---bash

    |-start_derby.sh---java---45*[{java}]

    |-surf---8*[{surf}]

    |-syslogd

    |-tomcat---sleep

    |-udevd

    |-watchdog/0

    |-watchdog/1

    |-xfs

    |-xinetd

    `-yum-updatesd

[root@web ~]#

 

示例二

[root@web ~]# pstree -p | less

init(1)-+-acpid(2569)

       |-atd(2983)

       |-auditd(2225)-+-audispd(2227)---{audispd}(2232)

       |             `-{auditd}(2226)

       |-automount(2654)-+-{automount}(2655)

       |                |-{automount}(2656)

       |                |-{automount}(2659)

       |                `-{automount}(2662)

       |-avahi-daemon(3026)---avahi-daemon(3027)

       |-crond(2916)-+-crond(14707)-+-mj.sh(14709)

       |            |             `-sendmail(14773)

       |            |-crond(14708)-+-mj.sh(14710)

       |            |             `-sendmail(14754)

       |            `-crond(26312)-+-mj.sh(26314)

       |                           `-sendmail(26387)

       |-cupsd(2717)

       |-dbus-daemon(2446)---{dbus-daemon}(2447)

       |-events/0(8)

       |-events/1(9)

       |-gam_server(3175)

       |-gpm(2902)

       |-hald(2587)---hald-runner(2588)-+-hald-addon-acpi(2596)

       |                               |-hald-addon-keyb(13708)

       |                               `-hald-addon-stor(2606)

       |-hcid(2477)

       |-hidd(2628)

       |-hpiod(2676)

       |-java(1572)-+-java(1586)-+-{java}(1590)

       |           |           |-{java}(1591)

       |           |           |-{java}(1592)

       |           |           |-{java}(1593)

       |           |           |-{java}(1594)

       |           |           |-{java}(1595)

       |           |           |-{java}(1596)

       |           |           |-{java}(1597)

       |           |           |-{java}(1598)

       |           |           |-{java}(1599)

       |           |           |-{java}(1600)

       |           |           |-{java}(1782)

       |           |           |-{java}(1783)

:

 

示例三

[root@web ~]# pstree -a | less

init                                             

  |-acpid

  |-atd

  |-auditd

  |  |-audispd

  |  |   `-{audispd}

  |  `-{auditd}

  |-automount

  |  |-{automount}

  |  |-{automount}

  |  |-{automount}

  |  `-{automount}

 |-avahi-daemon

  |  `-avahi-daemon

  |-crond

  |  |-crond

  |  |   |-(mj.sh)

  |  |   `-sendmail

  |  |-crond

  |  |   |-(mj.sh)

  |  |   `-sendmail

  |  |-crond

  |  |   |-(mj.sh)

  |  |   `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi -t

  |  |-crond

  |  |   |-(mj.sh)

  |  |   `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi -t

  |  `-crond

 |       |-(mj.sh)

 |       `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi-t

  |-cupsd

  |-dbus-daemon--system

  |  `-{dbus-daemon}

  |-(events/0)

  |-(events/1)

  |-gam_server

  |-gpm -m/dev/input/mice -t exps2

  |-hald

  |  `-hald-runner

 |       |-hald-addon-acpi

:

 

示例四

[root@web ~]# pstree 2701

sshd-+-sshd---bash---update_and_rest---cvs

    |-sshd---bash---pstree

    `-sshd---bash

[root@web ~]# pstree -p 2701

sshd(2701)-+-sshd(6745)---bash(6749)---update_and_rest(14193)---cvs(14194)

          |-sshd(12626)---bash(12630)---pstree(15588)

          `-sshd(13324)---bash(13328)

[root@web ~]#


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