Spring4-快速入门

Spring4-快速入门之搭建简单的web项目

1.配置web.xml文件，在web服务器启动时自动启动spring容器，配置Spring MVC框架

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <!-- 加载指定路径下的spring配置文件 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:smart-context.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 设置spring mvc的主控servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>smart</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!-- spring mvc处理的url -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>smart</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

smart-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">  

  <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.spring4"></context:component-scan>

</beans>  

使用Spring MVC也需要配置spring配置文件，默认文件名为servlet名-servlet.xml，例如此处为：smart-servlet.xml，将这个配置文件放到/WEB-INF目录下，具体内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">  

  <!-- 指定controller类的路径 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.spring4.web"></context:component-scan>
  <!-- 配置视图解析器，讲ModelAndView及字符串解析为具体的页面 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property><!-- 指定视图名前添加的前缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property><!-- 指定视图名后添加的后缀 -->
    <!-- 例如视图名为success，则会访问/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp页面 -->
  </bean>

2.编写Controller

@Controller
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/test.do")
    public ModelAndView test(String username,String password) {
        System.out.println("username："+username);
        System.out.println("password："+password);
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("username", username);
        mv.setViewName("success");
        return mv;
    }
}

这里将TestController类通过@Controller注解声明为一个Controller，@RequestMapping设置访问的url，根据返回的视图，会跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp页面
3.启动web服务，访问http://locahost:8080/spring4/test.do?username=user&password=123456，执行效果如下。