1、USACO真是相当重口,才1.4节就给了一道95年的IOI题目,如果不是事先知道用搜索做,而且还有测试数据(21组!)的话,以我的水平,真的很可能做不出来。
2、这个程序需要6个dfs,也就是每一种情况都要分别为它写一个dfs,最后一种“田”字型是最难的,要分成四类,刚开始因为思路不清晰在乱做,所以总是WA。一定要注意分类讨论要不重不漏,也就是大于等于的等于号不能少。
3、注意,标号为1,2,3,4的四个位置要轮流放一遍那些长方形,共4!种可能,而且每个长方形都有两种放法,所以这道题总共是6*4!*2^4种情况。
4、程序虽然很长,但是6个dfs只有微小差别。画个图可能更容易帮助理解。
5、哦,对了,因为没注意答案要按升序排列(其实注意到了,但是写着写着又忘了),所以WA了几次,一定要注意。
6、虽然一共交了十次才过,但我完全是独立思考并完成的,真的很有成就感!
/*
ID:mrxy564
PROG:packrec
LANG:C++
*/
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct Rec{
int l,w;
};
struct Sqr{
int s,l,w;
bool operator<(const Sqr &obj)const{
return l<obj.l||l==obj.l&&w<obj.w;
}
bool operator ==(const Sqr &obj)const{
return l==obj.l&&w==obj.w;
}
bool operator>(const Sqr &obj)const{
return l>obj.l||l==obj.l&&w>obj.w;
}
};
Rec a[4],b[4];
Sqr ans[5000];
int vis[4],cnt=0,minn;
void dfs1(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len=0,wid=0;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
len=max(len,b[i].l);
wid+=b[i].w;
}
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs1(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs1(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
void dfs2(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len=0,wid=0;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
len=max(len,b[i].l+b[3].l);
wid=max(b[3].w,b[0].w+b[1].w+b[2].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs2(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs2(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
void dfs3(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len=0,wid=0;
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
len=max(len,b[i].l+b[3].l);
len=max(len,b[2].l);
wid=max(b[0].w+b[1].w+b[2].w,b[3].w+b[2].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs3(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs3(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
void dfs4(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len=0,wid=0;
len=max(b[0].l,b[3].l);
len=max(len,b[1].l+b[2].l);
wid=max(b[0].w+b[1].w+b[3].w,b[0].w+b[2].w+b[3].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs4(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs4(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
void dfs5(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len=0,wid=0;
len=max(b[2].l,b[3].l);
len=max(len,b[0].l+b[1].l);
wid=max(b[0].w+b[2].w+b[3].w,b[1].w+b[2].w+b[3].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs5(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs5(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
void dfs6(int depth,Rec* b){
if(depth==4){
int len,wid;
if(b[1].l>=b[3].l&&b[1].w>=b[0].w||b[1].l<b[3].l&&b[1].w<b[0].w){
len=wid=0;
len=max(b[0].l+b[1].l,b[2].l+b[3].l);
wid=max(b[0].w,b[1].w)+max(b[2].w,b[3].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
}
if(b[1].l<b[3].l&&b[1].w>=b[0].w||b[1].l>=b[3].l&&b[1].w<b[0].w){
len=wid=0;
len=max(b[0].l+b[1].l,b[2].l+b[3].l);
wid=max(b[0].w+b[2].w,b[1].w+b[3].w);
ans[cnt].s=len*wid;
ans[cnt].l=len;
ans[cnt].w=wid;
if(ans[cnt].s<minn) minn=ans[cnt].s;
cnt++;
}
return;
}
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
if(!vis[i]){
vis[i]=1;
b[depth].l=a[i].l;
b[depth].w=a[i].w;
dfs6(depth+1,b);
b[depth].l=a[i].w;
b[depth].w=a[i].l;
dfs6(depth+1,b);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
return;
}
int main(){
freopen("packrec.in","r",stdin);
freopen("packrec.out","w",stdout);
for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
scanf("%d%d",&a[i].l,&a[i].w);
memset(b,0,sizeof(b));
memset(ans,-1,sizeof(ans));
memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
minn=2147483647;
dfs1(0,b);
dfs2(0,b);
dfs3(0,b);
dfs4(0,b);
dfs5(0,b);
dfs6(0,b);
for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
if(ans[i].l>ans[i].w)
swap(ans[i].l,ans[i].w);
sort(ans,ans+cnt);
cnt=unique(ans,ans+cnt)-ans;
printf("%d\n",minn);
for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
if(ans[i].s==minn){
printf("%d %d\n",ans[i].l,ans[i].w);
}
return 0;
}
官方题解:
This program is straightforward, but a bit long due to the geometry involved.
There are 24 permutations of the 4 rectangles, and for each permutation, 16 different ways to orient them. We generate all such orientations of permutations, and put the blocks together in each of the 6 different ways, recording the smallest rectangles we find.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> typedef struct Rect Rect; struct Rect { int wid; int ht; }; Rect rotate(Rect r) { Rect nr; nr.wid = r.ht; nr.ht = r.wid; return nr; } int max(int a, int b) { return a > b ? a : b; } int min(int a, int b) { return a < b ? a : b; } int tot; int bestarea; int bestht[101]; void record(Rect r) { int i; if(r.wid*r.ht < tot) *(long*)0=0; if(r.wid*r.ht < bestarea || bestarea == 0) { bestarea = r.wid*r.ht; for(i=0; i<=100; i++) bestht[i] = 0; } if(r.wid*r.ht == bestarea) bestht[min(r.wid, r.ht)] = 1; } void check(Rect *r) { Rect big; int i; /* schema 1: all lined up next to each other */ big.wid = 0; big.ht = 0; for(i=0; i<4; i++) { big.wid += r[i].wid; big.ht = max(big.ht, r[i].ht); } record(big); /* schema 2: first three lined up, fourth on bottom */ big.wid = 0; big.ht = 0; for(i=0; i<3; i++) { big.wid += r[i].wid; big.ht = max(big.ht, r[i].ht); } big.ht += r[3].ht; big.wid = max(big.wid, r[3].wid); record(big); /* schema 3: first two lined up, third under them, fourth to side */ big.wid = r[0].wid + r[1].wid; big.ht = max(r[0].ht, r[1].ht); big.ht += r[2].ht; big.wid = max(big.wid, r[2].wid); big.wid += r[3].wid; big.ht = max(big.ht, r[3].ht); record(big); /* schema 4, 5: first two rectangles lined up, next two stacked */ big.wid = r[0].wid + r[1].wid; big.ht = max(r[0].ht, r[1].ht); big.wid += max(r[2].wid, r[3].wid); big.ht = max(big.ht, r[2].ht+r[3].ht); record(big); /* * schema 6: first two pressed next to each other, next two on top, like: * 2 3 * 0 1 */ big.ht = max(r[0].ht+r[2].ht, r[1].ht+r[3].ht); big.wid = r[0].wid + r[1].wid; /* do 2 and 1 touch? */ if(r[0].ht < r[1].ht) big.wid = max(big.wid, r[2].wid+r[1].wid); /* do 2 and 3 touch? */ if(r[0].ht+r[2].ht > r[1].ht) big.wid = max(big.wid, r[2].wid+r[3].wid); /* do 0 and 3 touch? */ if(r[1].ht < r[0].ht) big.wid = max(big.wid, r[0].wid+r[3].wid); /* maybe 2 or 3 sits by itself */ big.wid = max(big.wid, r[2].wid); big.wid = max(big.wid, r[3].wid); record(big); } void checkrotate(Rect *r, int n) { if(n == 4) { check(r); return; } checkrotate(r, n+1); r[n] = rotate(r[n]); checkrotate(r, n+1); r[n] = rotate(r[n]); } void checkpermute(Rect *r, int n) { Rect t; int i; if(n == 4) checkrotate(r, 0); for(i=n; i<4; i++) { t = r[n], r[n] = r[i], r[i] = t; /* swap r[i], r[n] */ checkpermute(r, n+1); t = r[n], r[n] = r[i], r[i] = t; /* swap r[i], r[n] */ } } void main(void) { FILE *fin, *fout; Rect r[4]; int i; fin = fopen("packrec.in", "r"); fout = fopen("packrec.out", "w"); assert(fin != NULL && fout != NULL); for(i=0; i<4; i++) fscanf(fin, "%d %d", &r[i].wid, &r[i].ht); tot=(r[0].wid*r[0].ht+r[1].wid*r[1].ht+r[2].wid*r[2].ht+r[3].wid*r[3].ht); checkpermute(r, 0); fprintf(fout, "%d\n", bestarea); for(i=0; i<=100; i++) if(bestht[i]) fprintf(fout, "%d %d\n", i, bestarea/i); exit(0); }