怎么配置一个systemd服务以便在系统关闭时执行命令或者脚本

How to configure a systemd service unit to execute a command or script at system shutdown

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/2608901

 SOLUTION 已验证 - 已更新 2016年九月20日14:07 - 

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环境

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

问题

• How can I create a systemd service unit in RHEL 7 that executes something only at shutdown/reboot time?

• How to run a service script right before shutdown in RHEL 7?

决议

There are two common ways to approach this. The author prefers the former.

(1) Service unit that ONLY executes task immediately prior to entering shutdown.target

• With this approach, the service unit cannot be manually started or stopped; it will only be triggered on system shutdown/reboot

• Customize the maroon-colored text in the following example:

  ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mycustom.service
  [Unit]
  Description=Run my custom task at shutdown
  DefaultDependencies=no
  Before=shutdown.target
  RefuseManualStart=true
  
  [Service]
  Type=oneshot
  ExecStart=/bin/touch /root/somefile
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=shutdown.target
  
  ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
  ~]# systemctl enable mycustom
  ~]# reboot
  

(2) Service unit that executes a task whenever unit is stopped, including at system shutdown

• With this approach, the service unit can be stopped at will via systemctl stop, which could be a benefit or a detriment, depending on requirements

• Customize the maroon-colored text in the following example:

  ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mycustom.service
  [Unit]
  Description=Run my custom task at service stop
  
  [Service]
  Type=oneshot
  RemainAfterExit=true
  ExecStop=/bin/touch /root/somefile
  
  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target
  
  ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
  ~]# systemctl enable mycustom --now
  ~]# reboot
  

Notes

• Note that as with all systemd units, both approaches are subject to systemd's timeout settings, namely: DefaultTimeoutStartSec= and DefaultTimeoutStopSec= from /etc/systemd/system.conf

• To allow the commands to take more than 90sec, add TimeoutSec=3min or TimeoutSec=0 (disabled) to the [Service] section of the unit file

• See man systemd.service for more detail on Timeout* directives