What do LANG, LANGUAGE and LC_* environment variables mean?

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- 已更新 2015年二月17日17:33 - 

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环境

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
• glibc

问题

• What do LANG, LANGUAGE and LC_* environment variables mean?

决议

• Some of LC_* variables are defined in an ISO document.
  Following sentecnes are quoted from man page and the ISO document.

  • LANG (see 'man bash')

    Raw

    Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable  starting with LC_.
    

  • LC_ALL (see 'man bash')

    Raw

    This variable overrides the value of LANG and any other LC_ variable specifying a locale category.
    

  • LC_COLLATE (see 'man bash' or 'man 7 locale')

    Raw

    This  variable  determines  the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname expansion, and
    determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within  path-
    name expansion and pattern matching.
    

  • LC_CTYPE (see 'man bash' or 'man 7 locale')

    Raw

    This  variable  determines the interpretation of characters and the behavior of character classes within 
    pathname expansion and pattern matching.
    

  • LC_MESSAGES (see 'man bash' or 'man 7 locale')

    Raw

    This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted strings preceded by a $.
    

  • LC_NAME

    Raw

    The LC_NAME category defines formats to be used in addressing a person, e.g. in a postal
    address or in a letter. 
    

  • LC_NUMERIC (see 'man bash' or 'man 7 locale')

    Raw

    This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
    

  • LC_MONETARY (see 'man 7 locale' or 'man 5 locale'')

    Raw

    changes the information returned by localeconv(3) which describes the way numbers are  usually  printed,
    with  details  such  as  decimal point versus decimal comma.  This information is internally used by the
    function strfmon(3).
    

  • LC_TIME (see 'man 7 locale' or 'man 5 locale')

    Raw

    changes  the  behavior  of  the strftime(3) function to display the current time in a locally acceptable
    form; for example, most of Europe uses a 24-hour clock versus the  12-hour  clock  used  in  the  United
    States.
    

  • LANGUAGE (see 'info gettext')

    Raw

    While for the `LC_xxx' variables the value should consist of exactly
    one specification of a locale the `LANGUAGE' variable's value can
    consist of a colon separated list of locale names.  The attentive
    reader will realize that this is the way we manage to implement one of
    our additional demands above: we want to be able to specify an ordered
    list of language.
    

  • LC_PAPER (see 'man paperconf')

    Raw

    When called without arguments, paperconf prints the name of the  sys-
    tem-  or  user-specified paper, obtained by looking in order at the PAPERSIZE environment variable, at the con-
    tents of the file specified by the PAPERCONF environment variable, at the contents of the file /etc/papersize ,
    consulting  the  values  controlled  by the LC_PAPER locale setting, or by using letter as a fall-back value if
    none of the other alternatives are successful.
    

  • LC_ADDRESS (see ISO document)

    Raw

    The LC_ADDRESS category defines formats to be used in specifying a location like a
    person’s home or office, for use in a postal address or in a letter, and other items related to
    geography, including natural language. All keywords are strings and may contain non-
    digits, and all keywords are optional. T
    

  • LC_TELEPHONE (see ISO document)

    Raw

    The LC_TELEPHONE category defines formats to be used with telephone services. All
    keywords are optional. The strings are not restricted in what characters they can contain.
    

  • LC_MEASUREMENT (see ISO document)

    Raw

    The LC_MEASUREMENT category specified which measurement system to use. It had
    the "copy" keyword and the keyword "measurement" with 3 possible values: 1 - the ISO
    1000 system, 2 - the U.S.A. system, 3 - other. The "i18n" FDCC-set had the
    "measurement" set to 1, reflecting use of ISO 1000 measurements. T
    

  • LC_IDENTIFICATION (see ISO document)

    Raw

    The LC_IDENTIFICATION category defines properties of the FDCC-set, and which
    specification methods the FDCC-set is conforming to. Values must be supplied for all
    unless otherwise noted, and the operands are strings.