数组和链表

The Linked List data structure

链表也是用来放数据的，是数组的进化版：

长这样的都是数据data：

长这样的叫指针pointer：

数据和指针合在一起构成一个节点node:

特殊的有：头节点head，没有数据只有头指针

尾节点tail，有数据但尾指针置空

数组是连续存储全占用：

链表用了指针就可以跳了，跳着用，见缝插针比较节省。。。不是连续存储了：

Linked List:Inserting插入 a new node

int List::Insert ( const int x, const int i )

Insert a node with data equal to x after the i-1’th element. (i.e., when i = 1, insert the node as the first element; when index = 2, insert the node after the first element, and so on)
就是说插完了之后，x是不算空的头结点head的情况下，从第一个有数据和指针的节点往后查的第i个节点
If the insertion is successful, return 1.
Otherwise, return 0. (If index is < 1 or > length+1 of the list, the insertion will fail.)

Steps：

Locate定位 i-1’th element
Allocate分配 memory for the new node
Point the new node to its successor后继
Point the new node’s predecessor前身（就是i-1’th element）to the new node

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Array versus对比 Linked Lists

Linked lists are more complex to code and management than arrays, but they have some distinct明显 advantages.
Dynamic动态: a linked list can easily grow and shrink收缩 in size.
-We don’t need to know how many nodes will be in the list. They are created in memory as needed.
-In contrast相比之下, the size of a C array is fixed固定的 at compilation time在编译时.
Easy and fast insertions插入 and deletions删除
-To insert or delete an element in an array, we need to copy to temporary临时 variables to make room for new elements or close the gap豁口 caused by deleted elements.
-With a linked list, no need to move other nodes. Only need to reset重置 some pointers.