开始我的XML之旅

 这几天开始了XML之旅,一些体会和大家说说……

XML涉及的方面太多,学起来比较费劲。不过学XML首先得学好XPATH。

1、先要了解XML结构.

1)序言

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE 文档元素 SYSTEM  "url">

2)主体

<books>

<book>

<书名>XML</书名>

<价格>100</价格>

</book>

</books>

3)尾声

尾声不是必须的

2、明确“根元素”不是“文档元素”

3、一个简单练习

1)定义DTD

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- 元素类型声明 -->
<! ELEMENT players (player*) >
<! ELEMENT player (name,score_1,score_2,touch_times) >
<! ELEMENT name (#PCDATA) >
<! ELEMENT score_1 (#PCDATA) >
<! ELEMENT score_2 (#PCDATA) >
<! ELEMENT touch_times (#PCDATA) >

也可以用schema来验证有效性，以后再和大家讨论下schema

2)XML文档

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<? xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="x_players.xsl" ?>
<! DOCTYPE players SYSTEM "x_players.dtd" >
< players >
     < player >
         < name > Vivian Richards </ name >
         < score_1 > 76 </ score_1 >
         < score_2 > 26 </ score_2 >
         < touch_times > 276 </ touch_times >
     </ player >
     < player >
         < name > Sachin Tendulkar </ name >
         < score_1 > 45 </ score_1 >
         < score_2 > 30 </ score_2 >
         < touch_times > 250 </ touch_times >
     </ player >
     < player >
         < name > Steve Waugh </ name >
         < score_1 > 49 </ score_1 >
         < score_2 > 22 </ score_2 >
         < touch_times > 208 </ touch_times >
     </ player >
     < player >
         < name > Sunil Gavaskar </ name >
         < score_1 > 86 </ score_1 >
         < score_2 > 32 </ score_2 >
         < touch_times > 200 </ touch_times >
     </ player >
</ players >

3)用XSL转换显示内容

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< xsl:stylesheet  version ="1.0"  xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"  xmlns:fo ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" >
< xsl:output  method ="html"  media-type ="all" />
< xsl:template  match ="/" >
     < html >
         < head >
             < title > 选手得分情况表 </ title >
             < style  type ="text/css" >
                table{font-size:12px;background-color:black;}
                th{text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;}
                td{background-color:white;width:150px;}
             </ style >
         </ head >
         < body >
             < div  align ="center" >
                 < h1 > 选手得分情况表 </ h1 >
             </ div >
             < div  align ="center" >
                 < table  cellpadding ="5px"  cellspacing ="1px" >
                     < tbody >
                         < tr >
                             < th > 选手 </ th >
                             < th > No.得分超过50的次数 </ th >
                             < th > 得分超过100的次数 </ th >
                             < th > No.有效接球次数 </ th >
                         </ tr >
                         < xsl:for-each  select ="players/player" >
                         < tr >
                             < td >< xsl:value-of  select ="name" /></ td >
                             < td >< xsl:value-of  select ="score_1" /></ td >
                             < td >< xsl:value-of  select ="score_2" /></ td >
                             < td >< xsl:value-of  select ="touch_times" /></ td >
                         </ tr >
                         </ xsl:for-each >
                     </ tbody >
                 </ table >
             </ div >
         </ body >
     </ html >
</ xsl:template >
</ xsl:stylesheet >

这样,就用到了DTD和XSL,要明白XSL转换,首先要了解XPATH语言.

XPATH实现了对XML文档的定位.上面的例子中match="/"匹配了文档的根节点.定义了文档的上下文.

接着用<xsl:for-each>来循环并取出相应节点的文本内容.其中select属性包含了XPATH表达式和定位路径.