1.Socket地址复用
- int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
- void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
- int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,
- const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);
服务端尽可能使用SO_REUSEADDR,在绑定之前尽可能调用setsockopt来设置SO_REUSEADDR套接字选项。该选项可以使得server不必等待TIME_WAIT状态消失就可以重启服务器(对于TIME_WAIT状态会在后面续有叙述).
可以在bind之前添加代码(完整代码请参照博文最后):
- int on = 1;
- if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
- &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
- err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
用以支持地址复用.
2.process-per-connecton
我们的echo服务器最大的缺点就是无法支持多客户连接,即使客户端能够连接到服务器上(client端connect时并没有出错返回), 服务器也不为该客户做服务,(直接没什么反应),虽然链接是有的(也就是说,客户端是已经连接到服务器上的了,但是服务器就是不搭理你....), 我们提出的改进方案是process-per-connection(一条连接一个进程, 我们在多线程那一章中曾经提出过一条连接一个线程, 这种方案相比较而言能够比多进程拥有更高的并发量);
- /** 示例:echo server改进, 多进程模型(client并未更改)**/
- void echo(int clientfd);
- int main()
- {
- int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (listenfd == -1)
- err_exit("socket error");
- int on = 1;
- if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
- &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
- err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
- struct sockaddr_in addr;
- addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
- addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
- err_exit("bind error");
- if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
- err_exit("listen error");
- struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
- //谨记: 此处一定要初始化
- socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
- while (true)
- {
- int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
- if (clientfd == -1)
- err_exit("accept error");
- //打印客户IP地址与端口号
- cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
- << ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;
- pid_t pid = fork();
- if (pid == -1)
- err_exit("fork error");
- else if (pid > 0)
- close(clientfd);
- //子进程处理链接
- else if (pid == 0)
- {
- close(listenfd);
- echo(clientfd);
- //子进程一定要exit, 否则的话, 该子进程也会回到accept处
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
- }
- close(listenfd);
- }
- void echo(int clientfd)
- {
- char buf[512] = {0};
- int readBytes;
- while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
- {
- cout << buf;
- if (write(clientfd, buf, readBytes) == -1)
- err_exit("write socket error");
- memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- }
- if (readBytes == 0)
- {
- cerr << "client connect closed..." << endl;
- close(clientfd);
- }
- else if (readBytes == -1)
- err_exit("read socket error");
- }
完整代码实现:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/hanqing280441589/8458053
3. P2P聊天程序设计与实现
server端与client都有两个进程:
(1)父进程负责从socket中读取数据将其写至终端, 由于父进程使用的是read系统调用的阻塞版本, 因此如果socket中没有数据的话, 父进程会一直阻塞; 如果read返回0, 表示对端连接关闭, 则父进程会发送SIGUSR1信号给子进程, 通知其退出;
(2)子进程负责从键盘读取数据将其写入socket, 如果键盘没有数据的话, 则fgets调用会一直阻塞;
- //serever端代码与说明
- int main()
- {
- int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (listenfd == -1)
- err_exit("socket error");
- int on = 1;
- if (setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,
- &on,sizeof(on)) == -1)
- err_exit("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR error");
- struct sockaddr_in addr;
- addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- addr.sin_port = htons(8001);
- addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- if (bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
- err_exit("bind error");
- if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) == -1)
- err_exit("listen error");
- struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
- socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(clientAddr);
- int clientfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clientAddr, &addrLen);
- if (clientfd == -1)
- err_exit("accept error");
- close(listenfd);
- //打印客户IP地址与端口号
- cout << "Client information: " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr)
- << ", " << ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port) << endl;
- char buf[512] = {0};
- pid_t pid = fork();
- if (pid == -1)
- err_exit("fork error");
- //父进程: socket -> terminal
- else if (pid > 0)
- {
- int readBytes;
- while ((readBytes = read(clientfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
- {
- cout << buf;
- memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- }
- if (readBytes == 0)
- cout << "client connect closed...\nserver exiting..." << endl;
- else if (readBytes == -1)
- err_exit("read socket error");
- //通知子进程退出
- kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
- }
- //子进程: keyboard -> socket
- else if (pid == 0)
- {
- signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
- while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
- {
- if (write(clientfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
- err_exit("write socket error");
- memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- }
- }
- close(clientfd);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
- //client端代码与说明
- int main()
- {
- int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (sockfd == -1)
- err_exit("socket error");
- //填写服务器端口号与IP地址
- struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
- serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8001);
- serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
- if (connect(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == -1)
- err_exit("connect error");
- char buf[512] = {0};
- pid_t pid = fork();
- if (pid == -1)
- err_exit("fork error");
- //父进程: socket -> terminal
- else if (pid > 0)
- {
- int readBytes;
- while ((readBytes = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
- {
- cout << buf;
- memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- }
- if (readBytes == 0)
- cout << "server connect closed...\nclient exiting..." << endl;
- else if (readBytes == -1)
- err_exit("read socket error");
- kill(pid, SIGUSR1);
- }
- //子进程: keyboard -> socket
- else if (pid == 0)
- {
- signal(SIGUSR1, sigHandler);
- while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL)
- {
- if (write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf)) == -1)
- err_exit("write socket error");
- memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
- }
- }
- close(sockfd);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
完整代码实现: