对象的方法中一旦加入synchronized修饰,则任何时刻只能有一个线程访问synchronized修饰的方法。假设有个数据对象拥有写方法与读 方法,多线程环境中要想保证数据的安全,需对该对象的读写方法都要加入 synchronized同步块。这样任何线程在写入时,其它线程无法读取与改变 数据;如果有线程在读取时,其他线程也无法读取或写入。这种方式在写入操作远大于读操作时,问题不大,而当读取远远大于写入时,会造成性能瓶颈,因为此种 情况下读取操作是可以同时进行的,而加锁操作限制了数据的并发读取。
ReadWriteLock解决了这个问题,当写操作时,其他线程无法读取或写入数据,而当读操作时,其它线程无法写入数据,但却可以读取数据 。
package demo.readwritelock;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Data data = new Data();
Worker worker1 = new Worker(data, true);
Worker worker2 = new Worker(data, false);
worker1.start();
worker2.start();
}
static class Worker extends Thread{
Data data;
boolean read;
public Worker(Data data, boolean read){
this.data = data;
this.read = read;
}
public void run(){
if(read){
data.get();
}
else {
data.set();
}
}
}
static class Data{
ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
Lock read = lock.readLock();
Lock write = lock.writeLock();
public void set(){
write.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()+"set:begin"+sdf.format(new Date()));
try{
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch(Exception e){
}finally{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()+"set:end"+sdf.format(new Date()));
write.unlock();
}
}
public int get(){
read.lock();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()+"get:begin"+sdf.format(new Date()));
try{
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch(Exception e){
}finally{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().hashCode()+"get:end"+sdf.format(new Date()));
read.unlock();
}
return 1;
}
}
}
运行结果:
1043636732get:begin2016-01-26 10:26:42
1043636732get:end2016-01-26 10:26:47
1125883825set:begin2016-01-26 10:26:47
1125883825set:end2016-01-26 10:26:52
上面是当读数据的时候,写数据是不被允许的。下面展示可以同时读取同一个对象的数据的情况实例:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
Worker worker1 = new Worker(data, true);
Worker worker2 = new Worker(data, true);
worker1.start();
worker2.start();
}
运行结果如下:
1981440623set:begin2016-01-26 10:38:35
332711452set:begin2016-01-26 10:38:35
332711452set:end2016-01-26 10:38:40
1981440623set:end2016-01-26 10:38:40