Python爬虫-requests库的基本使用

一、基本认识

1、发送一个get请求

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    # 获取一个get请求

    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

2、关于获取请求到数据常见的返回值

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    # 获取一个get请求

    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

    # 对抓取的网站设置编码

    response.encoding = 'utf-8'

    # 打印返回的数据

    print(response.text)

    print(response.json())

    print(response.headers)

    print(response.status_code)

    print(response.url)

    print(response.cookies)

    print(response.json())

    # 获取最原始的字符串,没有编码的(用户response.text出现乱码的时候,及下载二进制文件的时候)

    print(response.content)

3、关于其他的请求方式

response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')

response = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')

response = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')

response = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')

response = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

二、关于get请求传递参数的

1、直接在url地址后面拼接参数

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)

    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}

    # 设置参数

    data = {'name': 'june', 'password': 123456}

    # 获取一个get请求

    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=june&password=123456', headers=headers)

    # 对抓取的网站设置编码

    response.encoding = 'utf-8'

    print(response.text)

2、使用params传递参数

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)

    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}

    # 设置参数

    data = {'name': 'june', 'password': 123456}

    # 获取一个get请求

    response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', headers=headers, params=data)

    # 对抓取的网站设置编码

    response.encoding = 'utf-8'

    print(response.text)

三、使用requests库和正则表达式下载文章内容

1、需要下载的伯乐在线的文章标题

2、书写逻辑代码

import re

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

    headers = {

        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',

    }

    url = 'http://python.jobbole.com/category/guide/'

    response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)

    pattern = re.compile(

        '<div.*?post-thumb.*?title="(.*?)".*?</a>', re.S

    )

    print(response.status_code)

    result_list = re.findall(pattern, response.text)

    f = open('jobbole1.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8')

    for item in result_list:

        f.write(item.strip() + '\n')

    f.close()

3、解说正则表达式

.*?表示非贪婪的匹配任何字符

re.S 使.匹配包括换行在内的全部字符

四、使用requests库和正则表达式下载图片

1、导包

  import re

  import os

  import shutil

  import requests

2、定义一个下载图片的类

  class DownPic(object):

          def __init__(self):

                  self.url = 'http://python.jobbole.com/category/guide/'

                  self.headers = {

                          'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',

                  }

                  self.create_dir()

          def create_dir(cls):

                  # 如果文件夹存在就删除

                  if os.path.exists('demo'):

                          shutil.rmtree('demo')

                  os.makedirs('demo')

          def get_html(self):

                  response = requests.get(url=self.url, headers=self.headers)

                  return response.text

          def pattern(self):

                  pattern = re.compile(

                          '<div.*?post-thumb.*?src="(.*?)".*?</a>', re.S

                  )

                  result_list = re.findall(pattern, self.get_html())

                  return result_list

          def download(self):

                  for item in self.pattern():

                          # 获取到的图片地址再次请求

                          if item.rsplit('.')[-1] in ['png', 'jpg']:

                                  resp = requests.get(item.strip())

                                  try:

                                          with open(os.path.join('demo', item.strip().rsplit("/")[-1]), 'wb') as f:

                                                  f.write(resp.content)

                                  except Exception as e:

                                          print(e)

                          else:

                                  continue

3、调用

  if __name__ == "__main__":

          p = DownPic()

          p.download()

五、关于requests库的post请求

1、格式

  response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', headers=headers, data=data)

2、发送数据到服务器端

  import requests

  if __name__ == "__main__":

          # 定义一个请求头(模拟浏览器)

          headers = {

                  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36'}

          # 设置参数

          data = {'email': '22@qq.com', 'password': 123456}

          # 获取一个get请求

          response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', headers=headers, data=data)

          # 对抓取的网站设置编码

          response.encoding = 'utf-8'

          print(response.text)

六、使用post请求获取拉勾网职业信息

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":

        url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false'

        headers = {

                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.162 Safari/537.36',

                'Referer': 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput='

        }

        data = {

                'first': 'true',

                'pn': '1',

                'kd': 'python',

        }

        response = requests.

post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data)

        print(response.json())

以上文章转自链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40925239/article/details/83862706

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