Spring事务配置的四种方式

tomorrow.hello

已于 2022-11-25 19:52:19 修改

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分类专栏： ORM 文章标签： java spring 数据库

于 2020-12-10 23:29:01 首次发布

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42914528/article/details/83743726

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Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

1.使用tx标签配置的拦截器(基于Aspectj AOP配置事务)

这种方式整个程序会拦截事务。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <!--第一步：设置连接属性-->
    <bean id="myDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
          init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url"
                  value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8&amp;useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步：配置SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 1:连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
                <!-- 为连接点指定事务属性 -->
                <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
   
   <aop:config>
        <!-- 切入点配置 -->
        <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* *..service.*.*(..))" id="point"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
    </aop:config>   
</beans>

2.基于 @Transactional 注解的声明式事务管理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
    <!-- 配置组件包扫描的位置 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lx.*"/>

    <!--第一步：设置连接属性-->
    <bean id="myDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
          init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url"
                  value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8&amp;useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二步：配置SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManage">
        <!-- 1:连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--采用下面扫描的方式扫描接口包路径,生成包下所有接口的代理对象,并且放入spring容器中-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.lx.dao"/>
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
	
	 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--开始注解事务-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

</beans>

代码中注解事务：

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

    public List<User> listUsers() {
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }
    
}

可以看出，使用@Transactional注解的方式配置文件要简单的多，将事务交给事务注解驱动。它有个缺陷是他会把所有的连接点都作为切点将事务织入进去，显然只需要在buyStock()方法织入事务即可。下面看看最后一种实现，它就可以精准的织入到指定的连接点

3.基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean的声明式事务管理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
   
    <bean id="userDao" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

4.使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean> 
  
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>
     
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
        <property name="beanNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list> 
        </property> 
        <property name="interceptorNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
            </list> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>