asp.net core 系列 12 选项 TOptions

忆水思寒

于 2021-02-23 09:47:59 发布

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30586257/article/details/98674837

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asp.net core 系列 12 选项 TOptions

原文: asp.net core 系列 12 选项 TOptions

一.概述

　　本章讲的选项模式是对Configuration配置的功能扩展。讲这篇时有个专用名词叫“选项类(TOptions)” 。该选项类作用是指：把选项类中的属性与配置来源中的键关联起来。举个例，假设json文件有个Option1键，选项类中也有个叫Option1的属性名，经过选项配置，这样就能把json中的键的值映射到选项类属性值中。也可以理解在项目应用中，把一个json文件序列化到.net类。

　　1.1选项接口介绍

　　　　在官方文档中选项接口有很多，这里列举了这些选项接口。所有选项接口基本都继承了TOptions接口。

    // Used for notifications when TOptions instances change
    public interface IOptionsMonitor<out TOptions>
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Returns the current TOptions instance with the Microsoft.Extensions.Options.Options.DefaultName.
        TOptions CurrentValue { get; }
        //...
    }
</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> Used to create TOptions instances</span>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IOptionsFactory&lt;TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span>, <span style="color:#0000ff;">new</span><span style="color:#000000;">()
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Returns a configured TOptions instance with the given name.</span>
    TOptions Create(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name);
}


</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> Represents something that configures the TOptions type. Note: These are run before all </span>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IConfigureOptions&lt;<span style="color:#0000ff;">in</span> TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;">
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Invoked to configure a TOptions instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   options:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The options instance to configure.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span><span style="color:#000000;"> Configure(TOptions options);
}


</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IPostConfigureOptions&lt;<span style="color:#0000ff;">in</span> TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;">
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Invoked to configure a TOptions instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   name:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The name of the options instance being configured.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   options:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The options instance to configured.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span> PostConfigure(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name, TOptions options);
}


</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IConfigureNamedOptions&lt;<span style="color:#0000ff;">in</span> TOptions&gt; : IConfigureOptions&lt;TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;">
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Invoked to configure a TOptions instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   name:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The name of the options instance being configured.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   options:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The options instance to configure.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span> Configure(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name, TOptions options);
}


</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> Used by IOptionsMonitor&lt;TOptions&gt; to cache TOptions instances.</span>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IOptionsMonitorCache&lt;TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;">
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Clears all options instances from the cache.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span><span style="color:#000000;"> Clear();
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Gets a named options instance, or adds a new instance created with createOptions.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   name:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The name of the options instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   createOptions:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The func used to create the new instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 返回结果:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The options instance.</span>
    TOptions GetOrAdd(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span> name, Func&lt;TOptions&gt;<span style="color:#000000;"> createOptions);
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Tries to adds a new option to the cache, will return false if the name already
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     exists.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   name:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The name of the options instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   options:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The options instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 返回结果:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Whether anything was added.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">bool</span> TryAdd(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name, TOptions options);
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Try to remove an options instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 参数:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">   name:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The name of the options instance.
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 返回结果:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Whether anything was removed.</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">bool</span> TryRemove(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name);
}


</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> Used to access the value of TOptions for the lifetime of a request</span>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IOptionsSnapshot&lt;<span style="color:#0000ff;">out</span> TOptions&gt; : IOptions&lt;TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span>, <span style="color:#0000ff;">new</span><span style="color:#000000;">()
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     Returns a configured TOptions instance with the given name.</span>
    TOptions Get(<span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span><span style="color:#000000;"> name);
}

</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">Used to retrieve configured TOptions instances</span>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">interface</span> IOptions&lt;<span style="color:#0000ff;">out</span> TOptions&gt; <span style="color:#0000ff;">where</span> TOptions : <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span>, <span style="color:#0000ff;">new</span><span style="color:#000000;">()
{
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span>
    <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 摘要:
    </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">     The default configured TOptions instance</span>
    TOptions Value { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
}</span></pre> 
 </div> 
 <span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">View Code</span>
</div> 
<p>&nbsp;</p> 
<p>　　　　(1) &nbsp;IOptionsMonitor&lt;TOptions&gt;</p> 
<p>　　　　　　IOptionsMonitor&lt;TOptions&gt;用于TOptions实例更改时的通知，用于管理 TOptions选项类 。该IOptionsMonitor&lt;TOptions&gt;支持以下方案：</p> 
<p>　　　　　　(1) 更改通知。当配置文件发生修改时，会监听同步到选项类。</p> 
<p>　　　　　　(2) 命名选项。IConfigureNamedOptions支持命名选项。接口继续关系 IConfigureNamedOptions:IConfigureOptions</p> 
<p>　　　　　　(3) 重新加载配置。通过 IOptionsSnapshot 重新加载配置数据，IOptionsMonitor也支持该功能。&nbsp;接口继续关系IOptionsSnapshot&nbsp;：IOptions</p> 
<p>　　　　　　(4) 选择性选项失效 (IOptionsMonitorCache&lt;TOptions&gt;)。</p> 
<p>　　　　(2)&nbsp; 其它接口</p> 
<p>　　　　　　IOptionsFactory&lt;TOptions&gt; 负责产生TOptions选项实例，它具有单个 Create 方法。</p> 
<p>　　　　　　默认实现采用所有已注册 IConfigureOptions&lt;TOptions&gt; 和 IPostConfigureOptions&lt;TOptions&gt; 并首先运行所有配置(所有的来源配置)，</p> 
<p>　　　　　　然后才进行选项后期配置IPostConfigureOptions&lt;TOptions&gt;&nbsp;。</p> 
<p>　　　　　　IOptionsMonitorCache&lt;TOptions&gt;用于缓存TOptions实例。</p> 
<p>　　　　　　</p> 
<p>　<strong>　1.2 常规选项配置</strong></p> 
<p>　　　　TOptions选项类必须为包含公共无参数构造函数的非抽象类。下面示例中选项类MyOptions具有两种属性：<code>Option1</code>&nbsp;和&nbsp;<code>Option2</code>。&nbsp;设置默认值为可选，但以下示例中的类构造函数设置了&nbsp;<code>Option1</code>&nbsp;的默认值。&nbsp;<code>Option2</code>&nbsp;具有通过直接初始化属性设置的默认值。</p> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>　　　　 <span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptions

{
　　 public MyOptions()
　　 {
　　// Set default value.
　　 Option1 = “value1_from_ctor”;
　　 }

   　　 </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span> Option1 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
   　　 </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">int</span> Option2 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span>; } = <span style="color:#800080;">5</span><span style="color:#000000;">;
　　}</span></pre> 
</div> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>       <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">将MyOptions类已通过Configure添加到服务容器，并绑定到配置IConfiguration上
   </span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">Registers a configuration instance which TOptions will bind against.</span>
   services.Configure&lt;MyOptions&gt;(Configuration);</pre> 
</div> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>        private readonly MyOptions _options;<br><span style="color:#008000;">　　　　　//</span><span style="color:#008000;">OtherPages/Page1</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> Page1Model( IOptionsMonitor&lt;MyOptions&gt;<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessor)
    {
        _options </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessor.CurrentValue;
    }
          </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span><span style="color:#000000;"> OnGet() {
        </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">var</span> option1 =<span style="color:#000000;"> _options.Option1;
        </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">var</span> option2 =<span style="color:#000000;"> _options.Option2;
        </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">var</span>  SimpleOptions = $<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">option1 = {option1}, option2 = {option2}</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#000000;">;
    ｝</span></pre> 
</div> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre><span style="color:#008000;">　　　　//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> 此时SimpleOptions值："option1 = value1_from_ctor, option2 = 5"</span></pre> 
</div> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>    　　<span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">下面在appsettings.json 文件添加 option1 和 option2 的值。</span>
  　　<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">option1</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>: <span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">value1_from_json</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#000000;">,
  　　</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">option2</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span>: -<span style="color:#800080;">1</span>,</pre> 
</div> 
<p>　　　　当配置文件appsettings.json中option1和option2键的值改变后，MyOptions 选项类中的属性option1和option2的值也会改变。 下面再次运行OtherPages/Page1</p> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre><span style="color:#008000;">　　　　　　//</span><span style="color:#008000;">此时SimpleOptions的值为："option1 = value1_from_json, option2 = -1"</span></pre> 
</div> 
<p align="left">　　　　为什么MyOptions类中option1,option2会取到appsettings.json文件中的值呢？因为MyOptions选项类注入到Iconfiguration服务后与appsettings.json文件中键相同,形成了映射。</p> 
<p align="left">&nbsp;</p> 
<p>　<strong>　1.3 通过委托配置简单选项</strong></p> 
<p align="left">&nbsp;　　　　使用委托设置选项值。 此示例应用使用 MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig 类 ,这里仍然是使用相同的键Option1，Option2。 它通过 MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig 使用委托来配置绑定。</p> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>   　　 <span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">class</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig

{
　　　　 public MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig()
　　　　 {
　　　　 // Set default value.
　　　　 Option1 = “value1_from_ctor”;
　　　　}

  　　 </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span> Option1 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
   　　</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">int</span> Option2 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span>; } = <span style="color:#800080;">5</span><span style="color:#000000;">;

}

         services.Configure<MyOptions>(Configuration);

//第二个注入服务

services.Configure<MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig>(myOptions =>

{
   
   
　　　　　　　　　// 在Page1Model构造方法中生成MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig实例时调用

myOptions.Option1 = “value1_configured_by_delegate”;

myOptions.Option2 = 500;

});

　　　　public Page1Model(

IConfiguration configuration,

IOptionsMonitor<MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig> optionsAccessorWithDelegateConfig,

IOptionsMonitor<MyOptions> optionsAccessor

)

{
        _optionsWithDelegateConfig </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessorWithDelegateConfig.CurrentValue;
        _options </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessor.CurrentValue;
        Configuration </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> configuration;
    }

    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> IConfiguration Configuration { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">readonly</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptions _options;
    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">readonly</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig _optionsWithDelegateConfig;

    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span> BindGUIDMsg { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }

    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">void</span><span style="color:#000000;"> OnGet()
    {
        BindGUIDMsg </span>= $<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">option1 = {_options.Option1}, option2 = {_options.Option2}</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#000000;">;

        BindGUIDMsg </span>+= <span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">&lt;/br&gt;</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#000000;">;

        BindGUIDMsg </span>+= $<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">delegate_option1 = {_optionsWithDelegateConfig.Option1}, </span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span> +<span style="color:#000000;">
                       $</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">delegate_option2 = {_optionsWithDelegateConfig.Option2}</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#000000;">;
    }</span></pre> 
</div> 
<p>　　　　每次调用 Configure 都会将 IConfigureOptions&lt;TOptions&gt; 服务添加到服务容器。 在前面的示例中，Option1 和 Option2 的值同时在 appsettings.json 中指定，但 Option1 和 Option2 的值被配置的委托替代。</p> 
<p>　　　　当启用多个配置服务时，指定的最后一个配置源优于其他源，由其设置配置值。<span lang="en-us">&nbsp;运行应用时，页面模型的<span lang="en-us">&nbsp;<code><span lang="en-us">OnGet</span></code><span lang="en-us">&nbsp;方法返回显示选项类值的字符串:</span></span></span></p> 
<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre><span style="color:#008000;">　　　　//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> myOptions实例取值如下:</span>

SimpleOptions：option1 = -1，option2 = 5
　　　　// MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig实例取值如下:
　　　　delegate_option1 = value1_configured_by_delegate，delegate_option2 = 500

　　1.4 子选项配置

　　　　当配置文件中的子节点需要与选项类进行关联映射时，可以通过服务注入bind到指定的Configuration节点。在以下代码中，已向服务容器添加第三个 IConfigureOptions<TOptions> 服务。它将 MySubOptions 绑定到 appsettings.json 文件的 subsection 部分：

  　　　　“Option1”: “value1_from_json”,

　　　　“Option2”: -1,

　　　　“subsection”: {

　　　　 “suboption1”: “subvalue1_from_json”,

　　　　“suboption2”: 200

　　　　}

   　　public class MySubOptions

　　 {

　　 public MySubOptions()

　　{

　　  // Set default values.

　　 SubOption1 = “value1_from_ctor”;

　　 SubOption2 = 5;

　　 }
   　　 </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">string</span> SubOption1 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
    　　</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">int</span> SubOption2 { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color:#0000ff;">set</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }

}

//第三个IConfigureOptions<TOptions>注入服务

services.Configure<MySubOptions>(Configuration.GetSection(“subsection”));

    //OtherPages/Page1              

public Page1Model(

IConfiguration configuration,

IOptionsMonitor<MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig> optionsAccessorWithDelegateConfig,

IOptionsMonitor<MyOptions> optionsAccessor,

IOptionsMonitor<MySubOptions> subOptionsAccessor

)

{

        _optionsWithDelegateConfig </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessorWithDelegateConfig.CurrentValue;
        _options </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> optionsAccessor.CurrentValue;
        _subOptions </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> subOptionsAccessor.CurrentValue;
        Configuration </span>=<span style="color:#000000;"> configuration;
    }

    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">public</span> IConfiguration Configuration { <span style="color:#0000ff;">get</span><span style="color:#000000;">; }
    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">readonly</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptions _options;
    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">readonly</span><span style="color:#000000;"> MyOptionsWithDelegateConfig _optionsWithDelegateConfig;
    </span><span style="color:#0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color:#0000ff;">readonly</span> MySubOptions _subOptions;</pre> 
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<div class="cnblogs_code"> 
 <pre>       <span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> OnGet方法</span>
　　SubOptions = $<span style="color:#800000;">"</span><span style="color:#800000;">subOption1 = {_subOptions.SubOption1}, subOption2 = {_subOptions.SubOption2}</span><span style="color:#800000;">"</span></pre> 
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 <pre>    　　<span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;">运行应用时，OnGet 方法返回显示子选项类值的字符串：
　　</span><span style="color:#008000;">//</span><span style="color:#008000;"> MySubOptions实例取值如下:</span>

subOption1 = subvalue1_from_json，subOption2 = 200

　　1.5 IConfigureNamedOptions选项命名

　　　　IConfigureNamedOptions：是用于对选项类在注入服务时，进行命名。下面是把MyOptions选项类注入到服务，并取了别名named_options_1。如下所示：

    　　services.Configure<MyOptions>(“named_options_1”, Configuration);

　　　　//在要使用的页面，如下所示：

　　　　private readonly MyOptions _named_options_1;

　　　　public IndexModel(

　　　　IOptionsSnapshot<MyOptions> namedOptionsAccessor)

　　　　{

　　 　　_named_options_1 = namedOptionsAccessor.Get(“named_options_1”);

　　　　}

   　　// IOptionsSnapshot源码

　　 public interface IOptionsSnapshot<out TOptions> : IOptions<TOptions> where TOptions : class, new()

　　 {

　　  //

　　 // 摘要:

　　  //     Returns a configured TOptions instance with the given name.

　　 TOptions Get(string name);

　　 }

　　1.6 ConfigureAll

　　　　上面介绍的选项类，在注入服务时都是使用的services.Configure，它是针对选项类的当前实例，例如：在page1和page2都使用了实例MyOptions( private readonly MyOptions _options)但它们属于不同的实例。　

    　　//使用 ConfigureAll 方法配置所有选项实例

services.ConfigureAll<MyOptions>(myOptions =>

{

//所有MyOptions实例配置 Option1的值

myOptions.Option1 = “ConfigureAll replacement value”;

});

    　　//添加代码后运行示例应用将产生以下结果：

　　named_options_1: option1 = ConfigureAll replacement value, option2 = -1

　　named_options_2: option1 = ConfigureAll replacement value, option2 = 5

　　总结:

选项模式是对Configuration配置的功能扩展，主要用于把json文件序列化到.net类(选项类)。通过注入services. Configure或services.ConfigureAll把选项类注入到服务并绑定到Configuration上。选项这篇还有其它功能如：选项后期配置( IPostConfigureOptions), 启动期间访问选项, 选项验证等，详细了解查看官网

参考文献

官方资料:asp.net core 选项