C# Lambda的用法
我们过去遇到循环问题都是用foreach和for,慢慢就成了习惯,不愿意用其他简便的方式,lambda能代替循环而且简便了很多。
1:什么是lambda表示式
Lambda 表达式是一种可用于创建委托或表达式目录树的匿名函数(摘自MSDN)这句话是什么意思下面慢慢开始说起
2:用一张图来表示lambda的组成
就是形如(参数)=>{操作}
3:委托和lambda的用法
首先定义三个委托:
private delegate string DelLambda();//没有参数
private delegate void DelLambdaOne(string Param);//一个参数
private delegate int DelLambdaTwo(int Param1, int param2);//两个参数表达多个
A:没有任何参数
public static void NoParam() { DelLambda delLambda = () => { return "1"; }; Console.WriteLine("我没有参数 返回值:{0}",delLambda()); }
运行结果:
B:只有一个参数的
public static void OneParam() { DelLambdaOne delLambdaOne = p => { Console.WriteLine(p); }; delLambdaOne("哈哈我只有一个参数"); }
public static void NoParam()
{
DelLambda delLambda = () =>
{
return "1";
};
Console.WriteLine("我没有参数 返回值:{0}",delLambda());
}
运行结果:
C:2个以上参数
public static void TwoParam() { DelLambdaTwo delLambdaTwo = (p1, p2) => { return p1*p2; }; Console.WriteLine("{0}*{1}={2}",10,2,delLambdaTwo(10,2)); }
public static void TwoParam() { DelLambdaTwo delLambdaTwo = (p1, p2) => { return p1*p2; }; Console.WriteLine("{0}*{1}={2}",10,2,delLambdaTwo(10,2)); }
运行结果
4:Func和lambda的用法
上一篇说了Func的用法,和lamdba更加简化了代码量,此时就不用像上面一样就行声明委托直接可以用(关于action和func很像不举例了)
看下代码
-
public static void LambdaFunc()
-
{
-
Func
<string, string, string> getFunc = (p1, p2) =>
-
{
-
return p1 + " " + p2;
-
};
-
Console.WriteLine(getFunc("我是第一个参数","我是第二个参数"));
-
}
public static void LambdaFunc()
{
Func<string, string, string> getFunc = (p1, p2) =>
{
return p1 + " " + p2;
};
Console.WriteLine(getFunc("我是第一个参数","我是第二个参数"));
}
看下结果:
5:linq和lambda一起的用法(部分)
A:遍历的用法
-
public string LambdaAndEach()
-
{
-
List
<int> retList = CreateIisList();
-
StringBuilder sbBuilder = new StringBuilder();
-
retList.ForEach(p =>
-
{
-
if (p == retList[retList.Count - 1])
-
{
-
sbBuilder.Append("'" + p);
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
sbBuilder.Append("'" + p + "',");
-
}
-
});
-
return sbBuilder.ToString();
-
}
public string LambdaAndEach()
{
List<int> retList = CreateIisList();
StringBuilder sbBuilder = new StringBuilder();
retList.ForEach(p =>
{
if (p == retList[retList.Count - 1])
{
sbBuilder.Append("'" + p);
}
else
{
sbBuilder.Append("'" + p + "',");
}
});
return sbBuilder.ToString();
}
注释1:CreateIisList()是生成一个list的方法
看下结果:
B:where筛选和查找的用法
public void LambdaAndWhere()
{
List<User> Users = GetList();
List<int> retList = CreateIisList();
List<int> aaList=new List<int>();
//获取所有的用户ID
List<string> gidList = Users.Select(p => p.Gid).ToList();
//获取所有大于6的集合
aaList = retList.Where(p => p > 6).ToList();
Console.WriteLine("获取所有用户ID集合{0}", string.Join(" ",gidList.ToArray()));
Console.WriteLine("获取所有大于6的集合{0}", string.Join(" ", aaList.ToArray()));
}
-
public void LambdaAndWhere()
-
{
-
List
<User> Users = GetList();
-
List
<int> retList = CreateIisList();
-
List
<int> aaList=new List
<int>();
-
//获取所有的用户ID
-
List
<string> gidList = Users.Select(p => p.Gid).ToList();
-
//获取所有大于6的集合
-
aaList = retList.Where(p => p > 6).ToList();
-
Console.WriteLine("获取所有用户ID集合{0}", string.Join(" ",gidList.ToArray()));
-
Console.WriteLine("获取所有大于6的集合{0}", string.Join(" ", aaList.ToArray()));
-
}
public List<User> GetList()
{
User User1 = new User() {Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "admin", Pwd = "123456"};
User User2 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "zhangsan", Pwd = "zhangsan" };
User User3 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "lisi", Pwd = "lisi" };
User User4 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "wangwu", Pwd = "wangwu" };
List<User> users = new List<User>();
users.Add(User1);
users.Add(User2);
users.Add(User3);
users.Add(User4);
return users;
}
-
public List
<User> GetList()
-
{
-
User User1 = new User() {Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "admin", Pwd = "123456"};
-
User User2 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "zhangsan", Pwd = "zhangsan" };
-
User User3 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "lisi", Pwd = "lisi" };
-
User User4 = new User() { Gid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), UserName = "wangwu", Pwd = "wangwu" };
-
List
<User> users = new List
<User>();
-
users.Add(User1);
-
users.Add(User2);
-
users.Add(User3);
-
users.Add(User4);
-
return users;
-
}
看下结果:
6:表达式目录树用法
这是一个操作的目录树然后用代码执行
-
ParameterExpression a = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "a");//创建一个表达式树中的参数,作为一个节点(就是图中的a)
-
ParameterExpression b = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "b");
-
BinaryExpression ab = Expression.Multiply(a, b);//这就是图中的ab由a和b相乘得到的ab节点
-
-
ParameterExpression c = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "c");
-
ParameterExpression d = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "d");
-
BinaryExpression cd = Expression.Multiply(c, d);
-
-
BinaryExpression abcd = Expression.Multiply(ab, cd);//这是由ab和cd相乘得到目前程序中的终节点
-
//abcd表示操作的程序,后面的表示参数
-
Expression
<Func<int, int, int, int, int>> lambda = Expression.Lambda
<Func<int, int, int, int, int>>(abcd, a, b, c, d);
-
Console.WriteLine(lambda + "");
-
//编译,生成委托
-
Func
<int, int, int, int, int> result = lambda.Compile();
-
Console.WriteLine(result(2,2,2,2));
ParameterExpression a = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "a");//创建一个表达式树中的参数,作为一个节点(就是图中的a)
ParameterExpression b = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "b");
BinaryExpression ab = Expression.Multiply(a, b);//这就是图中的ab由a和b相乘得到的ab节点
ParameterExpression c = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "c");
ParameterExpression d = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "d");
BinaryExpression cd = Expression.Multiply(c, d);
BinaryExpression abcd = Expression.Multiply(ab, cd);//这是由ab和cd相乘得到目前程序中的终节点
//abcd表示操作的程序,后面的表示参数
Expression<Func<int, int, int, int, int>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, int, int, int, int>>(abcd, a, b, c, d);
Console.WriteLine(lambda + "");
//编译,生成委托
Func<int, int, int, int, int> result = lambda.Compile();
Console.WriteLine(result(2,2,2,2));
运行结果: