单点登录(SSO)是复杂应用系统的基本需求,Yale CAS是目前常用的开源解决方案。CAS认证中心,基于其特殊作用,自然会成为整个应用系统的核心,所有应用系统的认证工作,都将请求到CAS来完成。因此CAS服务器是整个应用的关键节点,CAS发生故障,所有系统都将陷入瘫痪。同时,CAS的负载能力要足够强,能够承担所有的认证请求响应。利用负载均衡和集群技术,不仅能克服CAS单点故障,同时将认证请求分布到多台CAS服务器上,有效减轻单台CAS服务器的请求压力。下面将基于CAS 3.4.5来讨论下CAS集群。
CAS的工作原理,主要是基于票据(Ticket)来实现的(参见 CAS基本原理)。CAS票据,存储在TicketRegistry中,因此要想实现CAS Cluster, 必须要多台CAS之间共享所有的Ticket,采用统一的TicketRegistry,可以达到此目的。 缺省的CAS实现中,TicketRegistry在内存中实现,不同的CAS服务器有自己单独的TicketRegistry,因此是不支持分布式集群的。但CAS提供了支持TicketRegistry分布式的接口org.jasig.cas.ticket.registry.AbstractDistributedTicketRegistry,我们可以实现这个接口实现多台CAS服务器TicketRegistry共享,从而实现CAS集群。
同时,较新版本CAS使用SpringWebFlow作为认证流程,而webflow需要使用session存储流程相关信息,因此实现CAS集群,我们还得需要让不同服务器的session进行共享。
我们采用内存数据库Redis来实现TicketRegistry,让多个CAS服务器共用同一个TicketRegistry。同样方法,我们让session也存储在Redis中,达到共享session的目的。下面就说说如何用Redis来实现TicketRegistry,我们使用Java调用接口Jedis来操作Redis,代码如下:
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import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
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import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
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import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
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import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
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import java.util.Collection;
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import org.jasig.cas.ticket.Ticket;
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import org.jasig.cas.ticket.TicketGrantingTicket;
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import org.jasig.cas.ticket.registry.AbstractDistributedTicketRegistry;
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import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
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import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
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import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
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/*
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* TicketRegistry using Redis, to solve CAS Cluster.
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*
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* @author ZL
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*
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*/
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public class RedisTicketRegistry extends AbstractDistributedTicketRegistry {
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private static int redisDatabaseNum;
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private static String hosts;
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private static int port;
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private static int st_time; //ST最大空闲时间
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private static int tgt_time; //TGT最大空闲时间
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private static JedisPool cachePool;
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static {
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redisDatabaseNum = PropertiesConfigUtil.getPropertyInt("redis_database_num");
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hosts = PropertiesConfigUtil.getProperty("hosts");
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port = PropertiesConfigUtil.getPropertyInt("port");
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st_time = PropertiesConfigUtil.getPropertyInt("st_time");
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tgt_time = PropertiesConfigUtil.getPropertyInt("tgt_time");
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cachePool = new JedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), hosts, port);
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}
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public void addTicket(Ticket ticket) {
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Jedis jedis = cachePool.getResource();
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jedis.select(redisDatabaseNum);
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int seconds = 0;
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String key = ticket.getId() ;
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if(ticket instanceof TicketGrantingTicket){
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//key = ((TicketGrantingTicket)ticket).getAuthentication().getPrincipal().getId();
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seconds = tgt_time/1000;
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}else{
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seconds = st_time/1000;
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}
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ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
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ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
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try{
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oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
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oos.writeObject(ticket);
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}catch(Exception e){
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log.error("adding ticket to redis error.");
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}finally{
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try{
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if(null!=oos) oos.close();
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}catch(Exception e){
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log.error("oos closing error when adding ticket to redis.");
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}
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}
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jedis.set(key.getBytes(), bos.toByteArray());
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jedis.expire(key.getBytes(), seconds);
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cachePool.returnResource(jedis);
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}
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public Ticket getTicket(final String ticketId) {
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return getProxiedTicketInstance(getRawTicket(ticketId));
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}
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private Ticket getRawTicket(final String ticketId) {
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if(null == ticketId) return null;
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Jedis jedis = cachePool.getResource();
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jedis.select(redisDatabaseNum);
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Ticket ticket = null;
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ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(jedis.get(ticketId.getBytes()));
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ObjectInputStream ois = null;
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try{
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ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
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ticket = (Ticket)ois.readObject();
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}catch(Exception e){
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log.error("getting ticket to redis error.");
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}finally{
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try{
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if(null!=ois) ois.close();
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}catch(Exception e){
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log.error("ois closing error when getting ticket to redis.");
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}
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}
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cachePool.returnResource(jedis);
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return ticket;
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}
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public boolean deleteTicket(final String ticketId) {
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if (ticketId == null) {
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return false;
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}
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Jedis jedis = cachePool.getResource();
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jedis.select(redisDatabaseNum);
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jedis.del(ticketId.getBytes());
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cachePool.returnResource(jedis);
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return true;
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}
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public Collection<Ticket> getTickets() {
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throw new UnsupportedOperationException("GetTickets not supported.");
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}
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protected boolean needsCallback() {
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return false;
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}
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protected void updateTicket(final Ticket ticket) {
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addTicket(ticket);
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}
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}
同时,我们在ticketRegistry.xml配置文件中,将TicketRegistry实现类指定为上述实现。即修改下面的class值
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<!-- Ticket Registry -->
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<bean id="ticketRegistry" class="org.jasig.cas.util.RedisTicketRegistry" />
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<!-- <bean id="ticketRegistry" class="org.jasig.cas.ticket.registry.DefaultTicketRegistry" />
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-->
因为使用了Redis的expire功能,注释掉如下代码:
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<!-- TICKET REGISTRY CLEANER -->
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lt;!-- <bean id="ticketRegistryCleaner" class="org.jasig.cas.ticket.registry.support.DefaultTicketRegistryCleaner"
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p:ticketRegistry-ref="ticketRegistry" />
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<bean id="jobDetailTicketRegistryCleaner" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean"
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p:targetObject-ref="ticketRegistryCleaner"
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p:targetMethod="clean" />
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<bean id="triggerJobDetailTicketRegistryCleaner" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerBean"
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p:jobDetail-ref="jobDetailTicketRegistryCleaner"
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p:startDelay="20000"
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p:repeatInterval="5000000" /> -->
通过上述实现TicketRegistry,多台CAS服务器就可以共用同一个TicketRegistry。对于如何共享session,我们可以采用现成的第三方工具tomcat-redis-session-manager直接集成即可。对于前端web服务器(如nginx),做好负载均衡配置,将认证请求分布转发给后面多台CAS,实现负载均衡和容错目的。